The Emergence, Experiences, and Empowerment of Women Administrators, Coaches, and Athletes

The objective of this chapter is to provide a more thorough understanding of the current United States intercollegiate athletics model that includes competitive sport opportunities within its system of higher education, the history and emergence of women in sport within higher education, the experiences of women leaders within intercollegiate sport, and future women sport participant and leader empowerment initiatives within higher education. While women were provided opportunities to compete in sport competitively within higher education at a much later date than their men counterparts, the significant impact of athletic participation for women and girls at this level has been established within the previous research. Most notably, women and girls with past sport participation experience at the college level have been found to represent a high proportion of women in leadership roles across a variety of industry segments. These insights provide significant evidence of the importance of equitable access to sport participation within the higher education model.

The Emergence, Experiences, and Empowerment of Women Administrators, Coaches, and Athletes

The objective of this chapter is to provide a more thorough understanding of the current United States intercollegiate athletics model that includes competitive sport opportunities within its system of higher education, the history and emergence of women in sport within higher education, the experiences of women leaders within intercollegiate sport, and future women sport participant and leader empowerment initiatives within higher education. While women were provided opportunities to compete in sport competitively within higher education at a much later date than their men counterparts, the significant impact of athletic participation for women and girls at this level has been established within the previous research. Most notably, women and girls with past sport participation experience at the college level have been found to represent a high proportion of women in leadership roles across a variety of industry segments. These insights provide significant evidence of the importance of equitable access to sport participation within the higher education model.

Perbedaan Motivasi Berpartisipasi Dalam Olahraga Antara Suku Osing Dan Suku Jawa

Olahraga sangat erat kaitannya dengan aspek psikologi. Hal ini berdasarkan pemikiran bahwa kegiatan berolahraga merupakan suatu tingkah laku yang khas dan bertujuan. Olahraga dapat bertujuan untuk mencapai suatu prestasi karena sifatnya yang kompetitif, dapat juga bertujuan untuk menjaga kesehatan, kebugaran, dan stamina tubuh. Peran motivasi berpartisipasi sangatlah penting untuk mengetahui sampai dimana seseorang terlibat dalam rutinitas kegiatan olahraga. Seorang atlet adalah individu yang memiliki keunikan tersendiri, apalagi dalam sebuah suku yang berbeda. Ia memiliki bakat tersendiri, kebiasaan tersendiri dan budaya tersendiri serta latar belakang yang mempengaruhi secara spesifik pada dirinya. Beragam perbedaan itulah yang menyebabkan motivasi berpartisipasi dalam olahraga juga tidak akan sama. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif non-eksperimen (ex post facto) dengan pendekatan survei. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah suku. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa suku Osing dan suku Jawa dengan menggunakan teknik cluster sampling yang berjumlah 30 orang. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suku osing lebih dominan pada faktor skill development, status, energy release, team atmosphere, dan affiliation dibandingkan dengan suku jawa. Sedangkan pada faktor fitness suku jawa lebih dominan daripada suku osing. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan suku dapat mempengaruhi motivasi berpartisipasi dalam olahraga dan Suku Osing lebih progressive dalam peningkatan prestasi.ABSTRACTSports aspect is so closely associated with psychology. It thought by sports activities is specialy the goal. Sports can be a target at achieving review of its achievements as competitive, also keep a target to review the healthty, fitness and stamina Body. The role of motivation to participate that so important to review knowing up where is somebody engaged hearts routine sport activities. An athlete is individual thing has uniqueness, above all different etnic group. An athlete has a talent, has a habits and has a culture and different background that influence affects on himself. Various differences that sport participant motivation not would be the same. This operates is quantitative research is non-experimental (ex post facto) with collection approach.Independent research is etnic group. The research of the samples is a student of osing and Javanese etnic group using cluster sampling amounted to 30 peoples. Based from studies showing the dominant etnic group of osing have a more skill factor development, status, energy release, a team atmosphere, and affiliates be comperated then java etnic group. Can be conclouded if different racist make influance can be affecting of motivation to participate in sport and progressive achievement improvement etnic group of osing.

Recreational Sport Participant Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men: An Exploratory Study of Participation, Religion, Socioeconomic Status, and Sexual Identity

This exploratory study investigated attitudes toward gay men and lesbians among the general student population of a midsized university, paying special attention to differences in demographic measures and attitudes across campus recreational sport participants and nonparticipants. Specifically, the study sought to investigate differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians among the following groups: campus recreational sporting participants/nonparticipants, differing religious affiliations, socioeconomic status classifications, and participant self-identified sexual orientation. This study used a modified version of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men scale administered in person to acquire attitudinal scores and demographics of respondents. Multivariate analysis of variance statistical testing procedures were used, revealing significant differences in attitudes of campus recreational sport participants based on religion, and sexual orientation. Overall, participants who identified as Evangelical Christian held more negative attitudes toward nonnormative sexualities than Roman Catholic or nonreligious participants, and participants who identified as heterosexual held more negative attitudes than gay or lesbian participants.

A Qualitative Investigation of the Sibling Sport Achievement Experience

Sibling relationships are often regarded as among the longest lasting connections in a person’s life (Conger & Kramer, 2010). Sibling research has addressed topics such as socialization, support, and similarities and differences of siblings (e.g., Eaton, Chipperfield, & Singbeil, 1989; Horn & Horn, 2007; Whiteman, McHale, & Crouter, 2007). Scant attention has been given to how a younger sibling may be influenced by an older sibling’s sport involvement. The current study explored the lived experience of an older sibling’s sport achievement from the perspective of a younger sibling. An open-ended phenomenological approach (Kvale, 1983) was used to gain a description of the experience of sibling achievements in sport. Participant interviews revealed an overall thematic structure consisting of both positive and negative experiences: family influence, social influence, fondness, identity, abandonment, and jealousy. These findings broaden both sibling and sport literature, while providing valuable information for researchers and practitioners.

Value Priorities in Connection to Sport Participation

Value Priorities in Connection to Sport ParticipationSport participation is not only a token for the general physical health of youth and future generations, but also a fundamental element of youth socialisation and value transfer. This study is based on Youth2004©, which contains a nationwide, randomly selected representative sample of 15 to 29 year old subjects (N=8000). The purpose of this study was to analyse the layout of value preferences of sport participant and non-participant Hungarian youth by using the same methods of analysis that were applied to the data of the first edition of the Youth research series in year 2000. The goals are to analyse whether similar values would connect to sport participation, taking the time element into consideration, and to review how sport participation is associated with the layout of values, examining the socio-demographic determination of both sport participation and value orientation. For data analysis Mean and non-parametric Mann & Whitney U test was applied. It was found that, similarly to previous results, the majority of values associated with sport participation fall under the self-direction, stimulation value dimensions of Schwartz (1994). However, the higher importance given to the materialistic value of ‘wealth/richness’ by the non-participants in the first set of data (Perényi 2008), was not traceable four years later. Furthermore, the continuing democratisation of society and sport provided for the inclusion of wider societal segments, which can also be tracked by the wider portfolio of preferred values by sporting participants. Values like appreciation of ‘tradition’ and ‘national identity’, however, may also have more association to other socio-demographic factors and, as a consequence, to life circumstances, such as size of settlement or level of education.