scholarly journals Research on Exhaust Emissions in Dynamic Operating States of a Combustion Engine in a Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5684
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Negative Acceleration ◽  
Vehicle Acceleration ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Dynamic States

The paper describes the method of investigations of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under operation classified in terms of its dynamic states. In this paper, the engine operating states are determined through the vehicle driving under actual traffic conditions in the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. Based on the recorded tracings of the vehicle velocity, the engine states were classified as static for the acceleration of the absolute value lower than the adopted classification limit. Besides, the authors analyzed the engine operating states for the positive as well as negative acceleration. For the adopted engine operating states, zero-dimensional characteristics of the emission intensity for individual exhaust components were determined (average value, coefficient of variation). The influence of the analyzed operating states on the emission of individual exhaust components was assessed. The greatest increase in the intensity of the emission of nitrogen oxides was observed for the positive vehicle acceleration model and the lowest (also for the nitrogen oxides) for the negative vehicle acceleration. On average, the greatest increase in the emission intensity of pollutants and the intensity of particle number occurred for the dynamic states of the engine corresponding to positive acceleration. The conclusions from the performed investigations entitle the authors to propose a greater allowance for the exhaust emission-related criteria in the engine control algorithms.

scholarly journals Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from a Combustion Engine under Simulated Actual Operating Conditions in Real Driving Emissions Test

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Monika Andrych-Zalewska ◽  
Zdzislaw Chlopek ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Specific Distance

The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research methodology, zero-dimensional characteristics of the processes of the emission intensity have been determined under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. The authors also determined the average specific distance exhaust emissions under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. Based on the above results, the unique characteristics of the relation of the average specific distance emissions and the average vehicle speed have been obtained. The obtained characteristics may be used in the modeling of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles under actual traffic conditions. The authors also explored the sensitivity of the average specific distance emissions to the vehicle driving style.

scholarly journals Exhaust emissions of buses LNG and Diesel in RDE tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Wojciech Gis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Urban Bus

Abstract The article compares the exhaust emissions in road conditions of city buses: LNG and Diesel. Both buses met the Euro VI exhaust emission norm. The current strong drive to diversify fuels in Poland and the creation of a large gas port in Świnoujście for LNG imports creates an excellent opportunity to use this fuel, also in road transport. Therefore, the attempt to identify the emission in operation, in first place possible applications, i.e. an LNG bus, comparatively with the emission of a Diesel bus. The operational research carried out concerned such a bus and has not yet been carried out in the country, hence their innovation, also methodological. The conducted research, in particular, was aimed at verifying differences in exhaust emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The study was carried out on one urban bus route performing trips on consecutive days in similar environmental conditions. The performed tests were not strictly type approval tests but only used for comparative purposes. Hence, it was necessary to determine the compliance factor for the relevant exhaust gas substances, with the use of an evaluation algorithm based on measurement windows. Based on these results, the assumption regarding compliance with the emission requirements for the tested buses was verified in real traffic conditions. The exhaust emission values (emission indicators) determined in this way did not exceed the permissible emission limit values for carbon monoxide, while for nitrogen oxides and non-methane hydrocarbons certain exceedances were found.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metoda Sum Squared Error untuk Identifikasi Kategori Pembakaran Mesin Sepeda Motor 4 Tak Bahan Bakar Bensin

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrizal - ◽  
Rusfandi - ◽  
Rivanol Chadry
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Engine Combustion

Motorcycles with injection system uses engine scanner tool as a reference for a mechanic when performing a tune-up to find out and get the engine firing conditions were perfect. Unlike the motorcycle carburetor system, relying only on the experience of a mechanic. If using tools, usually using exhaust emission analyzer which only serves to measure the levels of elements and compounds and exhaust emissions and it can not be used to identify the condition of the combustion engine. Besides, not all the workshops have it, just a certain manufacturer authorized workshops, garages and a large scale or related government agencies that have it. There are two categories of combustion engine, the first engine combustion conditions are not perfect and complete combustion conditions. Perfect engine combustion conditions is needed so that maximum engine performance with an efficient use of fuel. This study aims to make a device that is capable of detecting the condition of combustion 4-stroke motorcycle carburetor system using the method of sum square error (SSE) through the value of the data patterns of exhaust emissions based gas sensors. The study, of the five categories of motorcycles with the manufacturer, type and year of manufacture of different shows that, the system made capable of identifying categories of combustion engine based on the SSE on the identification and reference set. The success rate of identification detection system performs the complete combustion of 89.33% and 97.99% of incomplete combustion.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of the in-cylinder catalyst to reduce exhaust emissions during the cold start combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Monika ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA ◽  
Jacek PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Engine Operation

The article concerns the use of an in-cylinder catalyst that allows reducing the exhaust emissions during diesel engine operation. This is an additional method of exhaust emission reduction – however, the active component is placed inside the combustion chamber – hence much closest to the combustion process. This allows reducing the emissions at the very source (catalyst applied on the glow plugs). Such solutions are necessary because the reduction of exhaust emissions from vehicles is a key aspect of reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the test drive cycle conditions impact on exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Monika ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Jacek PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
The Mean

Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests in the NEDC and Malta cycles were carried out on the engine dynamometer in driving tests simulation conditions, while the RDE test was carried out in the real conditions of passenger car traffic. The mean exhaust emission test results of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide as well as the mean particle number in individual tests have been provided. A high sensitivity of the tested emission values to the changes in engines operating conditions was found, both for static and dynamic conditions. The strongest impact of engine operating conditions was found for hydrocarbons emissions and the number of particles, followed by carbon monoxide, a smaller impact was found for nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. The largest differences in the values characterizing exhaust emissions were found for the NEDC test, which differed the most in dynamic engine operating conditions from other tests that closer resemble real driving conditions of vehicles.

scholarly journals The Development of Strategies to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Passenger Cars in Rzeszow City—Poland. A Preliminary Assessment of the Results Produced by the Increase of E-Fleet

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Mądziel ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Artur Jaworski ◽  
Giovanni Tesoriere
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Particulate Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Urban agglomerations close to road infrastructure are particularly exposed to harmful exhaust emissions from motor vehicles and this problem is exacerbated at road intersections. Roundabouts are one of the most popular intersection designs in recent years, making traffic flow smoother and safer, but especially at peak times they are subject to numerous stop-and-go operations by vehicles, which increase the dispersion of emissions with high particulate matter rates. The study focused on a specific area of the city of Rzeszow in Poland. This country is characterized by the current composition of vehicle fleets connected to combustion engine vehicles. The measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by means of a preliminary survey campaign in the vicinity of the intersection made it possible to assess the impact of vehicle traffic on the dispersion of pollutants in the air. The present report presents some strategies to be implemented in the examined area considering a comparison of current and project scenarios characterized both by a modification of the road geometry (through the introduction of a turbo roundabout) and the composition of the vehicular flow with the forthcoming diffusion of electric vehicles. The study presents an exemplified methodology for comparing scenarios aimed at optimizing strategic choices for the local administration and also shows the benefits of an increased electric fleet. By processing the data with specific tools and comparing the scenarios, it was found that a conversion of 25% of the motor vehicles to electric vehicles in the current fleet has reduced the concentration of PM10 by about 30% along the ring road, has led to a significant reduction in the length of particulate concentration of the motorway, and it has also led to a significant reduction in the length of the particulate concentration for the access roads to the intersection.

scholarly journals Alternative Exhaust Emission Factors from Vehicles in On-Road Driving Tests

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3487
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Vehicle Category ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
Do So

On-road driving tests are performed to determine the emission of harmful exhaust compounds from vehicles. These primarily include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particle number. However, there is a lack of indicators that combine the first three substances that are the most important in assessing the environmental aspects of vehicles. The purpose of this article is to indicate the possibility of assessing emissions in real driving conditions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles of different categories. In order to do so, a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) and an instrument for measuring the particle number were used. The tests were carried out on routes designed to comply with the requirements and regulations laid down in the European Union legislation. On-road emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particle number have been determined. Factors have been determined as the multiplication of these compounds for each vehicle category in three phases of the test: urban, rural, and motorway. A new way of assessing emissions from vehicles using new factors has been proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of combustion engine and hybrid propulsion unit in aviation application in terms of emission of harmful compounds in the exhausts emitted to the atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Marek ORKISZ ◽  
Piotr WYGONIK ◽  
Michał KUŹNIAR ◽  
Maciej KALWARA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
In Series ◽  
Propulsion Control ◽  
Propulsion Unit

Comparative analysis of combustion and hybrid propulsion unit in aviation application in terms of emission of harmful compounds in the exhausts emitted to the atmosphere. For the propulsion of the AOS 71 motor glider, two types of propulsion were planned as de-velopment versions. The first analysed propulsion is based on a combustion engine, but of the Wankel type (LCR 814 engine with the power of 55 kW). The second designed propulsion is an hybrid based on a LCR 407 combustion engine with a power of 28 kW, which is connected in series with an electric generator propelling the engine (Emrax 228 engine), total power of the propulsion is 55 kW. The comparison of emissions of harmful compounds emitted to the atmosphere generated by the combustion and hybrid power unit intended for assembly in the AOS 71 motor glider, assuming various loads and methods of hybrid propulsion control, was made. The tests were conducted in laboratory conditions. Several different programs were designed to simulate different energy management methods in a hybrid system, depending on the predicted mission and load of the motor glider. On the basis of laboratory tests, exhaust emission was determined from both propulsions as a function of rotational speed and load. Then, based on the assumed flight trajectory and collected test data, the emission for both propulsions variants was determined. The values of emission parameters were compared and the results were presented in diagrams and discussed in the conclusions

scholarly journals Exhaust emission from a vehicle engine operating in dynamic states and conditions corresponding to real driving

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Monika ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Jacek PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Speed Characteristic ◽  
Dynamic States

The article presents the exhaust emission results from a diesel engine in dynamic states of engine operation in the driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) and Malta test, developed at the Poznan University of Technology. The NEDC and Malta tests were carried out as simulations on the engine test bench mimicking the driving tests conditions. The test results of the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides obtained in each of the tests were presented. The dynamic states have been classified de-pending on the time derivative value of the torque and engine rotational speed. Both the positive and negative as well as zero time deriv-ative values of torque and rotational speed were considered. Therefore, overall six types of dynamic states were analyzed. A high sensi-tivity of exhaust emission to various types of dynamic states was found. The exhaust emission sensitivity to dynamic states in the Malta test was found to be higher than for the NEDC test, although these tests have similar properties (average rotational speed and average torque). This is due to the fact that the NEDC test is created on the basis of the similarity of zero-dimensional characteristics of the cars speed characteristic, whereas the Malta test was designed in accordance with the principle of faithful representation in the time domain of the NEDC speed curve.

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