Tobramycin Supplemented Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts for Local Antibiotic Delivery: A Preliminary Formulation Study

Peripheral artery occlusive disease is an emerging cardiovascular disease characterized by the blockage of blood vessels in the limbs and is associated with dysfunction, gangrene, amputation, and a high mortality risk. Possible treatments involve by-pass surgery using autologous vessel grafts, because of the lack of suitable synthetic small-diameter vascular prosthesis. One to five percent of patients experience vascular graft infection, with a high risk of haemorrhage, spreading of the infection, amputation and even death. In this work, an infection-proof vascular graft prototype was designed and manufactured by electrospinning 12.5% w/v poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid solution in 75% v/v dichloromethane, 23.8% v/v dimethylformamide and 1.2% v/v water, loaded with 0.2% w/wPLGA. Polymer and tobramycin concentrations were selected after viscosity and surface tension and after HPLC-UV encapsulation efficiency (EE%) evaluation, respectively. The final drug-loaded prototype had an EE% of 95.58% ± 3.14%, with smooth fibres in the nanometer range and good porosity; graft wall thickness was 291 ± 20.82 μm and its internal diameter was 2.61 ± 0.05 mm. The graft’s antimicrobic activity evaluation through time-kill assays demonstrated a significant and strong antibacterial activity over 5 days against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An indirect cell viability assay on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) confirmed the cytocompatibility of the grafts.

Anti-microbial mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of cationic surfactant against pathogenic bacteria for pharmaceutical applications

Metal oxide nanoparticles with quite prodigious enactment in the field of research. ZnO is considered to be an exact candidate for an antimicrobial agent. ZnO in the form of fine nanoparticles possess enhanced antibacterial action than when it is in the bulk form. It is obvious that ZnO, which have the average crystallite size in the range between 15nm to 20nm exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterias, so the present investigation is carried out to explains the role of cationic surfactant in the antimicrobial execution of ZnO nanoparticles enzymatic about precipitation method annealed at the temperature of 600oC. The outcomes are cogitated by XRD spectra, SEM, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra. The crucial antimicrobic activity of the complex ZnO NP's antagonistic pathogenic bacterias were studied quantity-wise. ZnO nanoparticles have the capability to interfere with NorA protein, which is developed for conferring resistance in bacteria and has pumping activity that mediates the effluxing bacterias from a cell. Thus, antimicrobial effect Zinc oxide is widely used in nursing a variety of skin conditions, including dermatitis, itching due to eczema, diaper rash and acne.

Anti-microbial mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of cationic surfactant against pathogenic bacteria for pharmaceutical applications

Metal oxide nanoparticles with quite prodigious enactment in the field of research. ZnO is considered to be an exact candidate for an antimicrobial agent. ZnO in the form of fine nanoparticles possess enhanced antibacterial action than when it is in the bulk form. It is obvious that ZnO, which have the average crystallite size in the range between 15nm to 20nm exhibits enhanced antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacterias, so the present investigation is carried out to explains the role of cationic surfactant in the antimicrobial execution of ZnO nanoparticles enzymatic about precipitation method annealed at the temperature of 600oC. The outcomes are cogitated by XRD spectra, SEM, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectra. The crucial antimicrobic activity of the complex ZnO NP's antagonistic pathogenic bacterias were studied quantity-wise. ZnO nanoparticles have the capability to interfere with NorA protein, which is developed for conferring resistance in bacteria and has pumping activity that mediates the effluxing bacterias from a cell. Thus, antimicrobial effect Zinc oxide is widely used in nursing a variety of skin conditions, including dermatitis, itching due to eczema, diaper rash and acne.

Titanium Implants Coated with a Bifunctional Molecule with Antimicrobic Activity: A Rabbit Study

Background: Various surface treatments have been tested for titanium implants aiming at increasing their surface biocompatibility and their biological characteristics, but also the efficiency of the implant surface will have to be improved to drastically decrease peri-implantite and mucosite. In fact, the peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis have a high incidence in clinical practice. The nanofabrication techniques that offer the possibility to achieve the implant surface that reduces bacterial colonization could influence the osteointegration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the bone response to titanium implants coated with a bifunctional molecule with antimicrobic activity consisting of a combination of silver ions covalently bound to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Methods: A total of 36 implants were inserted into 18 older New Zealand white male rabbits. They had two different surfaces. The implants Control group was characterized by an acid-etched and sandblasted surface treatment, and the Test implants had an acid-etched and sandblasted surface coated with a silver ion covalently bound to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the solution. Results: No statistically significant difference of the bone density was evidenced between Control and Test implants at two weeks (p-value = 0.623), four weeks (p-value = 0.339), and eight weeks (p-value = 0.461). Moreover, no statistically significant difference of the bone-implant contact percentage was evidenced between Control and Test implants at two weeks (p-value = 0.938), four weeks (p-value = 0.307), and eight weeks (p-value = 0.294). The effectiveness of the present investigation demonstrated no adverse effects on osseointegration, and no statistically significant differences were observed in the bone density and percentage of bone-implant contact between Test and Control implants at all the experimental time points (two, four, and eight weeks). Conclusions: Titanium implants coated with the silver-anatase solution bind very well to the bone and did not have an adverse effect on the bone tissue in a rabbit model. These facts suggest possible clinical applications for the silver composition.

Mechanisms of benzydamine action against local inflammatory process

Local inflammatory diseases caused by various infections are one of the most common pathologies in medical practice. For example, tonsillopharyngitis. This disease is extremely frequent for a physician’s practice. There is a fair amount of drugs, which supposed to be helpful against tonsillopharyngitis, but different drugs are also not the same in their pharmacological effects. In gynecological practice, frequent diseases are specific and non-specific vulvovaginitis, which have inflammatory and infectious components. For administrating local pharmacotherapy in gynecology against inflammation, a large number of drugs with different mechanisms of action are proposed. In this study, we focused on key pathological mechanisms associated with acute and chronic inflammation, for which these drugs should be exposed by their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The best combination of these properties is available for benzydamine hydrochloride. Benzydamine hydrochloride has a wide antimicrobic activity against bacteria and Candida spices both albicans and non-albicans strains and allows to influence on etiologic cause of the disease. Also benzydamine hydrochloride associated with «cytokine» mechanism of anti-inflammatory action, which means that he does not affect COX enzymes and it allows to avoid gastrotoxic adverse events. Also, in this work showed and discussed aspects of the interaction of benzydamine with local immune system and justification of useful usage the benzydamine for local therapy of acute and chronic inflammatory processes caused by various infections.