Integration of the Demographic Dividend into Government Plans: A Case of the Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa

The Population reference Bureau policy brief, (Gribble and Bremmer, 2012):1) described the demographic dividend as “…the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s mortality and fertility and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population. With fewer births each year, a country’s young dependent population grows smaller in relation to the working-age population. With fewer people to support, a country has a window of opportunity for rapid economic growth if the right social and economic policies developed and investments made”. Several South Africa based studies have explored age structure and the prospects of a demographic dividend. These studies range from those that explore timing of the dividend to those that investigate readiness to harness the dividend. Three aspects of the demographic dividend are investigated by this research. Firstly, the paper will explore the age structure of KwaZulu-Natal population to ascertain the timing of the age-structure (youth bulge) that is a pre-requisite for the dividend. Secondly, demographic, health and education characteristics that are knows to affect the achievement of the dividend will be examined. Lastly, the extent of integration of the demographic dividend into Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) in the province will be explored.

Innovative System for Metropolitan Sound Pollution Management

According to population Reference Bureau, the current world population is 7.4 Billion. At present, a total number of the vehicle is 1.2 Billion according to survey and it will be 2 Billion up to 2035. Cars and trucks turn out pollution throughout their life, as well as pollution get emit throughout the vehicle operation, refuelling, producing, and disposal. Due to heavier traffic and powerful engines, noise level in cities is rapidly increasing. Our proposed system provides the solution to these problems. Our system Monitor the noise pollution created by vehicle and if any vehicle crosses its threshold value then it will get reported on the LCD and generate notification for municipal corporation. In this project we are using GPS for getting current location of vehicle & software panel checks that whether it is in no honking zone or not, if it is no honking zone then software panel informs Arduino (microcontroller) to control the horn. If user is out of honking zone then horn will reset to its original value.

Population Consensus

Chapter 4 documents the creation after World War II of a consensus regarding human population growth that briefly united two different scientific perspectives. Natural scientists contended that the world’s human population had already exceeded the Earth’s capacity to support it and that continued growth presented an imminent threat to the natural environment and global peace. This Malthusian perspective was represented by the Population Reference Bureau. Social scientists contended that the world was in a process of demographic transition, whereby modernizing societies were breaking free of the Malthusian trap, though the transition had stalled out in developing countries and needed to be jump-started. This modernizationist perspective was represented by the Population Council. This chapter explains how the Population Reference Bureau and Population Council came together to produce and promote demographic research demonstrating that population growth posed a threat to economic development, thereby putting population control on the U.S. foreign policy agenda.

ESPO/ Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education Section Symposium: Bridging the Gap: Shifting Population Dynamics and Opportunities to Inform and Educate Communities

This symposium is intended to highlight population-shifts and their impact on the individual, family, institution, and community levels. Currently, increases in diversity among individuals under age 18 continue to outpace those of individuals age 65-and-older, creating a substantial racial/ethnic diversity gap between generations. As it relates to education-level, individuals age 65-and-older who have earned at least a bachelor’s degree has increased from 5 percent in 1965 to 29 percent in 2018 (Population Reference Bureau, 2020). Population-shifts could be mitigated or better supported through enhancements to gerontology/geriatric education and training. This symposium will highlight the biopsychosocial aspects of these shifts and will link each aspect to the development of gerontology and geriatric curriculum. To start, presenter one will describe projects focused on community-based intergenerational programs to reduce social isolation and loneliness among rural older adults (Jill). Next, presenter two will describe findings from a university-based study, using surveys of aging and ageist attitudes to foster intergenerational connections between undergraduate students and older adult community members (Giselle). Presenter three will discuss a program to support the development of aging ministries to educate and support both caregivers and older adults in community settings (Lauren). Finally, presenter four will discuss findings from one-on-one interviews conducted with Chinese caregivers and Chinese geriatric social workers in efforts to develop and evaluate an end-of-life manual designed for Chinese immigrant caregivers (Mandong). The discussant will link the presenters’ findings to implications for future gerontology and geriatric education and training while identifying key topics to inform and engage communities.

IMPROVEMENT OF SKIN HYDRATION PERCENTAGE BY INTERVENTION OF SHEEP PLACENTA CREAM IN ELDERLY POPULATION AT STW CIBUBUR PERIOD SEPTEMBER 2019

The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) estimates that Indonesia will experience a population surge to 365.3 million by 2030, which will further affect the surge in the elderly population and increase health problems occurring in the elderly. One of the elderly health problems that often occur on the skin is skin hydration problem. Comercially available animal-derived placenta extracts are available in cream form for the purpose repairing skin components. Although the effects of placenta extract have been largely observed, no scientific studies have reported using sheep placenta extract to improve skin hydration levels. The purpose of this study was to look for an increase in the hydration level of elderly skin after intervention research in the form of sheep placenta extract cream. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a total sampling method in the form of sampling. The study was conducted at the STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur in September 2019. Sheep placenta cream is made by mixing 30 grams of placenta extract powder with 1000 grams of cream base. Skin hydration levels were measured using the Skin Analyzer Runve HL-611 corneometer. Respondents then apply the cream on the left forearm within 15 minutes after bathing. Skin hydration levels are measured every 1 week up to 4 times measurement. Changes in skin hydration in 51 respondents in a row from week 0 to week 3 were 35.10 ± 2.81, 35.96 ± 2.57, 36.28 ± 2.31, and 36.88 ± 2.30 . Analysis of statistical tests using the Repeated Measurement test showed a significant increase in hydration (p-value <0.001) between measurements due to intervention. The highest increase in hydration level was between the measurement of week-to-zero with the third week of 1.784 (0.276)%. As Conclusion, moisturizer from sheep placenta extract has been proven to increase the hydration level of elderly skin after using it for 3 weeks (p-value <0.05). Keywords: elderly; sheep placenta; skin hydrationABSTRAKPopulation Reference Bureau (PRB) memperkirakan bahwa Indonesia akan mengalami lonjakan populasi menjadi 365,3 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030 yang selanjutnya akan berdampak terhadap lonjakan populasi lanjut usia serta peningkatan permasalahan kesehatan yang terjadi pada lansia. Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan lansia yang sering terjadi pada kulit adalah masalah hidrasi kulit. Ekstrak plasenta yang diproses dari hewan sudah banyak tersedia secara komersial dalam bentuk krim dengan tujuan memperbaiki komponen kulit. Meskipun efek ekstrak plasenta sebagian besar telah dipelajari, namun belum ada studi ilmiah yang melaporkan penggunaan ekstrak plasenta domba untuk meningkatkan kadar hidrasi kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari peningkatan kadar hidrasi kulit lansia setelah penelitian intervensi berupa krim ekstrak plasenta domba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental, dengan metode pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur pada periode September 2019. Krim plasenta domba dibuat dengan mencampur 30 gram bubuk ekstrak plasenta dengan 1000 gram basis krim. Kadar hidrasi kulit diukur menggunakan korneometer Skin Analyzer Runve HL-611. Responden lalu mengoleskan krim plasenta domba pada tangan kiri 15 menit setelah mandi. Pengukuran status hidrasi kulit diukur setiap 1 minggu hingga 4 kali pengukuran. Perubahan kadar hidrasi kulit lengan kiri dari 51 responden berturut-turut pada minggu ke nol hingga minggu ketiga adalah sebesar 35,10 ± 2,81, 35,96 ± 2,57, 36,28 ± 2,31, dan 36,88 ± 2,30. Analisa uji statistik menggunakan uji Repeated Measurement didapatkan hasil kenaikan hidrasi yang bermakna (p-value < 0,001) antar pengukuran akibat pemberian intervensi berupa Krim Plasenta Domba. Peningkatan kadar hidrasi paling tinggi adalah antara pengukuran minggu ke nol dengan minggu ke tiga yaitu sebesar 1,784 (0,276)%. Sebagai kesimpulan, pelembab dari ekstrak plasenta domba terbukti dapat peningkatkan kadar hidrasi kulit lansia setelah pemakaian selama 3 minggu (p-value < 0,05). Kata Kunci: lansia; plasenta domba; status hidrasi

PERBAIKAN KADAR HIDRASI KULIT DENGAN INTERVENSI MINYAK KLENTIQ PADA LANSIA STW CIBUBUR PERIODE SEPTEMBER 2019

The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) estimates that Indonesia will experience a population surge to 365.3 million by 2030, which will further affect the surge in the elderly population and increase health problems occurring in the elderly. One of the elderly health problems that often occur on the skin is skin hydration. The purpose of this study is to look for an increase in the hydration level of elderly skin after intervention studies in the form of Klentiq oil. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a total sampling method in the form of sampling. The study was conducted at the STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur in September 2019, using the statistical test Repeated Measurement results a significant increase in hydration (p-value <0.001) between measurements after giving intervention in the form of Klentiq Oil. The highest increase of hydration level is between the measurement of week zero and week three which is 2,637 (0,300)%. It is advisable to continuously (routinely) use Klentiq oil for at least 3 weeks in order to improve the hydration level and skin hydration status, and doesn’t have to worry about being used in the long term usage.ABSTRAK Population Reference Bureau (PRB) memperkirakan bahwa Indonesia akan mengalami lonjakan populasi menjadi 365,3 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030 yang selanjutnya akan berdampak terhadap lonjakan populasi lanjut usia serta peningkatan permasalahan kesehatan yang terjadi pada lansia. Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan lansia yang sering terjadi pada kulit adalah masalah hidrasi kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari peningkatan kadar hidrasi kulit lansia setelah penelitian intervensi berupa minyak Klentiq. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental, dengan metode pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur pada periode September 2019. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan Minyak Klentiq selama 21 hari dan variabel tergantung dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan kadar hidrasi kulit lengan kanan bawah. Hubungan antar variabel di uji dengan Repeated Measurement. Terdapat 51 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan mengikuti penelitian hingga akhir. Uji statistik Repeated Measurement didapatkan hasil kenaikan hidrasi kulit pada lengan kanan bawah yang bermakna (p-value < 0,001) antar pengukuran setelah pemberian intervensi berupa Minyak Klentiq. Peningkatan kadar hidrasi lengan kanan bawah paling tinggi adalah antara pengukuran minggu ke nol dengan minggu ke tiga yaitu sebesar 2,637 (0,300)%. Sebagai kesimpulan, Minyak Klentiq terbukti meningkatkan kadar hidrasi kulit pada lansia (p-value < 0,001) dengan pemakaian selama 21 hari.

Perbaikan status hidrasi kulit dengan intervensi krim plasenta domba pada lansia STW Cibubur periode September 2019

Abstrak: Population Reference Bureau (PRB) memperkirakan bahwa Indonesia akan mengalami lonjakan populasi menjadi 365,3 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030 yang selanjutnya akan berdampak terhadap lonjakan populasi lanjut usia serta peningkatan permasalahan kesehatan yang terjadi pada lansia. Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan lansia yang sering terjadi pada kulit adalah masalah hidrasi kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari peningkatan kadar hidrasi kulit lansia setelah penelitian intervensi berupa krim ekstrak plasenta domba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental, dengan metode pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur pada periode September 2019, dengan hasil penelitian uji statistik Cochran dan uji statistik Friedman didapatkan perubahan status hidrasi kulit yang lebih baik setelah penggunaan krim ekstrak plasenta domba secara rutin selama 3 minggu (p-value 0,05). Dianjurkan untuk secara terus menerus (rutin) menggunakan krim ekstrak plasenta domba minimal 3 minggu dalam rangka agar terjadi perbaikan kadar hidrasi dan status hidrasi kulit, serta tidak perlu khawatir untuk digunakan dalam jangka panjang.Kata-kata kunci: Status Hidrasi, Plasenta domba, lansiaAbstract: The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) estimates that Indonesia will experience a population surge to 365.3 million by 2030, which will further affect the surge in the elderly population and increase health problems occurring in the elderly. One of the elderly health problems that often occur on the skin is skin hydration problem. The purpose of this study was to look for an increase in the hydration level of elderly skin after intervention research in the form of sheep placenta extract cream. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a total sampling method in the form of sampling. The study was conducted at the STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur in September 2019, with the results of the study using the Cochran statistical test and the Friedman statistical test found that better changes in skin hydration status after regular use of sheep placenta extract cream for 3 weeks (p-value 0,05). It is advisable to continuously (routinely) use sheep placenta extract cream for at least 3 weeks in order to improve the hydration level and skin hydration status, and doesn’t have to worry about being used in the long term usage.Keywords: Skin hydration, sheep placenta, Elderly

PERBAIKAN STATUS HIDRASI KULIT DENGAN INTERVENSI KRIM PLASENTA DOMBA PADA LANSIA STW CIBUBUR PERIODE SEPTEMBER 2019

Abstrak: Population Reference Bureau (PRB) memperkirakan bahwa Indonesia akan mengalami lonjakan populasi menjadi 365,3 juta jiwa pada tahun 2030 yang selanjutnya akan berdampak terhadap lonjakan populasi lanjut usia serta peningkatan permasalahan kesehatan yang terjadi pada lansia. Salah satu permasalahan kesehatan lansia yang sering terjadi pada kulit adalah masalah hidrasi kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari peningkatan kadar hidrasi kulit lansia setelah penelitian intervensi berupa krim ekstrak plasenta domba. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental, dengan metode pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti STW RIA Pembangunan Cibubur pada periode September 2019, dengan hasil penelitian uji statistik Cochran dan uji statistik Friedman didapatkan perubahan status hidrasi kulit yang lebih baik setelah penggunaan krim ekstrak plasenta domba secara rutin selama 3 minggu (p-value 0,05). Dianjurkan untuk secara terus menerus (rutin) menggunakan krim ekstrak plasenta domba minimal 3 minggu dalam rangka agar terjadi perbaikan kadar hidrasi dan status hidrasi kulit, serta tidak perlu khawatir untuk digunakan dalam jangka panjang.

THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: TWO ISSUES THAT NEED MORE ATTENTION

In mid-2016, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was almost 1 billion people. By 2050, the population of the region will probably reach 2.1 billion people [Population Reference Bureau (2016)]. In 2100, SSA's population could be almost 4 billion people [United Nations (2015)]. This rapid demographic increase would translate into a possible quadrupling of the current SSA population by the end of the century (unless fertility would decline sharply in the near future). Nonetheless, the region has embarked on its demographic transition, i.e., the shift from high to low crude birth rates and crude death rates, albeit this process has occurred in SSA at a slower pace than in the rest of the developing world. In particular, the decline of fertility has been slower in SSA than in the other regions of the world. The rapid population growth and the occurrence of a demographic transition in the region have generated discussions on the prospects for SSA to open a demographic window of opportunity and capture a first demographic dividend. However, two crucial dimensions, which have so far been rather neglected, need more attention. First, one will need to define with more accuracy the sub-populations of the working-age adults and their young and older dependents, therefore refining the calculation of the dependency ratio. In particular, one will need to assess the population of the young dependents as well as the population of adults who are actually working. Second, it will be also necessary to examine the conditions required to trigger a faster and significant fertility decline in the region. This is most important because the relationship between the active adults and their dependents is predicated by the fertility decline, which will bring the changes to the age structure.