Systematic Map of Human–Raptor Interaction and Coexistence Research

Global raptor conservation relies on humans to establish and improve interaction and coexistence. Human–wildlife interaction research is well-established, but tends to focus on large-bodied, terrestrial mammals. The scope and characteristics of research that explores human–raptor interactions are relatively unknown. As an initial step toward quantifying and characterizing the state of applied, cross-disciplinary literature on human–raptor interactions, we use established systematic map (scoping reviews) protocols to catalog literature and describe trends, identify gaps and biases, and critically reflect on the scope of research. We focus on the peer-reviewed (refereed) literature germane to human–raptor interaction, conflict, tolerance, acceptance, persecution and coexistence. Based on 383 papers retrieved that fit our criteria, we identified trends, biases, and gaps. These include a majority of research taking place within North America and Europe; disproportionately few interdisciplinary and social research studies; interactions focused on indirect anthropogenic mortality; and vague calls for human behavior changes, with few concrete steps suggested, when management objectives are discussed. Overall, we note a predominant focus on the study of ecological effects from human–raptor interactions rather than sociocultural causes, and suggest (as others have in various conservation contexts) the imperative of human behavioral, cultural, and political inquiry to conserve raptor species.

The Interview Method in Comparative Politics: The Process of Interviewing Far-Right Actors

Interviews have been the basis for some of the greatest insights in many disciplines but have largely been on the backstage of comparative political inquiry. I first rely on bibliometric data to show the limited use of interviews in research published by major journals in the past 30 years. I then focus on how interviews are used to study a hard-to-reach population: far-right actors. Using the extant literature and reflecting on my field experience with far-right leaders and functionaries, I examine in detail how interviews help investigate this phenomenon; I analyse challenges related to interview access, rapport, analysis and ethics and offer remedies. I argue that comparativists using interviews need to address these challenges by explicating and reflecting on the process through which they collect interview data rather than solely focusing on the data itself.

Systematic map of human-raptor interaction and coexistence research

Global raptor conservation relies on humans to establish and improve interaction and coexistence with raptor species. Human-wildlife interaction research is well-established, but tends to focus on large-bodied, terrestrial mammals. The scope and characteristics of research that explores human-raptor interactions is relatively unknown. As an initial step toward quantifying and characterizing the state of applied, cross-disciplinary literature in human-raptor interactions, we use established systematic map protocols to catalog the literature and describe trends, identify gaps and biases, and critically reflect on the state of the literature. We focus on peer-reviewed literature germane to human-raptor interaction, conflict, tolerance, acceptance, and coexistence. Based on the 383 papers retrieved from the literature that fit our criteria, we identified trends, biases, and gaps. These include a majority of research taking place within North America and Europe; disproportionately few interdisciplinary and social research studies; interactions focused on indirect anthropogenic mortality (poisons and wind turbine collisions); and vague calls for human behavior changes, with few concrete steps suggested, when management objectives are discussed. Overall, we note a predominant focus on the study of ecological effects from human-raptor interactions rather than sociocultural causes and suggest (as others have in various conservation contexts) the imperative of human behavioral, cultural, and political inquiry to conserve raptor species.

THE CONCEPT OF THE MIDDLE AGE IN THE ISLAMIC WEST TRY TO ROOTING

This effort is based on a systematic and cognitive conviction that the investigation problem of investigation does not depend on the purely technical dimension, but rather on a rereading of the Middle Ages concerned by the study, a political reading in the light of indicators capable of explaining the nature of stability, or the transformation / change in the stages that marked the Middle Ages. And if the obsession behind this affair is to circumvent the quadruple or dynastic survey that was implemented out in the survey of the middle Ages. Without taking into account the facts and phenomena supporting the accounting or rejection of this division, then the work is, in essence repose to the rejection of the two previous surveys because of their methodological limitations and shortcomings cognitive. And then think that the medieval age and in the western wing of the Islamic world is not in phase with its historical half, the quadruple European investigation of the differentiation in the mechanisms of measurement and its principles, and latent in the requirements of the same era and its indicators, which allowed the possibility of a political inquiry based on the basis of the foundations of the state And its characteristics, and I intended to distinguish between the sectarian era-tribal and religious, and its evolution towards symbolic "sectarianism" based on symbolic connections, including honor, trust tee ship and jihad, to conclude that this golden age is subject in its nature to three phases which are not necessarily homogeneous, the founding period, and the era of qualitative transformation and the era of turning point and transformation

The Rise of China

This chapter introduces the concept of Chinese exceptionalism as a framework for studying China’s political worldview and international relations. It argues that a discourse of Chinese exceptionalism has permeated Chinese scholarly circles as a mode of political inquiry into China’s international relations and vision of global order. Consequently it argues that a framework of exceptionalism provides a more comprehensive explanation of China’s international politics and foreign policy behavior. The chapter also discusses the research design of this study, which is based primarily on elite interviews and discourse analysis. It concludes with an outline of the remaining eight chapters of the book, and how they relate to the broader theme of Chinese exceptionalism.

Automatic Subject Classification of Public Messages in E-government Affairs

Public messages on the Internet political inquiry platform rely on manual classification, which has the problems of heavy workload, low efficiency, and high error rate. A Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network model based on attention mechanism was proposed in this paper to realize the automatic classification of public messages. Considering the network political inquiry data set provided by the BdRace platform as samples, the Bi-LSTM algorithm is used to strengthen the correlation between the messages before and after the training process, and the semantic attention to important text features is strengthened in combination with the characteristics of attention mechanism. Feature weights are integrated through the full connection layer to carry out classification calculations. The experimental results show that the F1 value of the message classification model proposed here reaches 0.886 and 0.862, respectively, in the data set of long text and short text. Compared with three algorithms of long short-term memory (LSTM), logistic regression, and naive Bayesian, the Bi-LSTM model can achieve better results in the automatic classification of public message subjects.

11. Poststructuralism

This chapter examines how and why poststructuralism engaged International Relations (IR) from the 1980s to today. It begins by analysing the interdisciplinary context of social and political theory from which poststructuralism emerged, along with the misconceptions evident in the reception of the poststructuralist approach among mainstream theorists. It then considers what the critical attitude of poststructuralism means for social and political inquiry and draws on the work of Michel Foucault to highlight the importance of discourse, identity, subjectivity, and power to the poststructuralist approach. It also discusses the methodological features employed by poststructuralists in their readings of, and interventions in, international politics. The chapter concludes with a case study of images of famines and other kinds of humanitarian crises that illustrates the poststructural approach.