Method for an Effective Selection of Tools and Cutting Conditions during Precise Turning of Non-Alloy Quality Steel C45

The paper presents a constructing methodology for a modern approach to tools selection and solving the problem of assigning optimal cutting parameters for specific production conditions. The mathematical formulation determining the extreme values of the technological process optimality criteria is obtained. A system of technical and economic quality indicators for cutting tools is proposed. This system allows principles’ implementation of decentralization and interoperability “Industry 4.0” via finite element modeling of the cutting process based on solving the problem of orthogonal free cutting modeling. The proposed methodology further usage is possible by creating a standardized database on the parameters of the tool: the adhesive component of the friction cutting coefficient for processing of a specific pair of cutting and tool materials (or tool coating material) and the impacts of the cutting-edge radius on cutting efficiency of a particular material.

Spezifische Membrankontaktstellen bei Pflanzen: wer mit wem, warum und wie

Cellular membranes can serve as barriers between subcellular compartments, but they can also interact to form dynamically regulated membrane contact sites between a specific pair of organelles. Focussing on plants, this article discusses local redox environments and the current knowledge on membrane contact sites as examples for the dividing and connecting functions of membranes, respectively.

Mutagenesis Analysis of ABCB8 Gene Promoter of Danio rerio

The ABCB8 is one of the members under the ABCB subfamily of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter which possess the ability in regulating the intracellular iron and heme transport. The loss of function mutation of ABCB8 gene leads to iron and heme accumulation in the cell which is highly toxic to human. However, the information regarding the expression regulation of this gene remains scarce. Hence, the objectives of this project are to determine the transcription factors binding site (TFBS) of ABCB8 and to identify the transcriptional roles of the cis-elements through mutagenesis analysis. To examine this, total genomic DNA was extracted from Danio rerio and the promoter sequence was isolated by using specific pair of primers through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sample was sent for DNA sequencing and the result showed 98% similarities to the zebrafish DNA sequence from clone DKEYP-87A6 in linkage group 24. Besides, the TFBS was studied in aspect of TFBS abundance, TFBS composition and TFBS distribution. The two most abundant TFBSs based on liver-specific profile were HNF-3β and C/EBPβ, with 38 and 39 binding sites, respectively. The sequence of ABCB8 promoter gene was mutated through substitution of the AP-1 binding site at location 535 with other nucleotides by using a pair of mutagenic primers (forward primer: 5’-TGGGGGTTTAGATATTGAAAC-3’; reverse primer: 5’-AACTCGC ATACATTTCAGTCATC-3’). This result may benefit the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics for iron-associated disorder.

Conditions of hydrolysis with a specific pair of endo- and exo-cellulases

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a technology involved in the production of bioethanol, a potential alternative renewable energy. Many cellulases with endo- and exo- type of activity are known to hydrolyze cellulose synergistically. In this thesis, potential synergy between an endo-cellulase, Cel5B, with and without a carbohydrate- binding module (CBM6), and a new exo-cellulase, CBH1, from Trichoderma harzianum FP108 were examined during the hydrolysis of semi- crystalline cellulose (Avicel). Since CBM6 is recognized as having a high affinity for amorphous cellulose, it was hypothesized that this affinity could enhance the synergistic effect between the endo- and exo-cellulases by focusing the action to Cel5B+CBM6 on the amorphous regions of the Avicel substrate. The increased activity of Cel5B+CBM6 over Cel5B alone was confirmed. However, in contrast to our expectations, a synergistic effect was not observed between either endo- and exo-cellulase pairs. From the obtained hydrolysis yield, it was inferred that Cel5B+CBM6 may have exo-type activity that caused a competitive interaction with the exo-cellulase, which resulted in no synergy.

Conditions of hydrolysis with a specific pair of endo- and exo-cellulases

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is a technology involved in the production of bioethanol, a potential alternative renewable energy. Many cellulases with endo- and exo- type of activity are known to hydrolyze cellulose synergistically. In this thesis, potential synergy between an endo-cellulase, Cel5B, with and without a carbohydrate- binding module (CBM6), and a new exo-cellulase, CBH1, from Trichoderma harzianum FP108 were examined during the hydrolysis of semi- crystalline cellulose (Avicel). Since CBM6 is recognized as having a high affinity for amorphous cellulose, it was hypothesized that this affinity could enhance the synergistic effect between the endo- and exo-cellulases by focusing the action to Cel5B+CBM6 on the amorphous regions of the Avicel substrate. The increased activity of Cel5B+CBM6 over Cel5B alone was confirmed. However, in contrast to our expectations, a synergistic effect was not observed between either endo- and exo-cellulase pairs. From the obtained hydrolysis yield, it was inferred that Cel5B+CBM6 may have exo-type activity that caused a competitive interaction with the exo-cellulase, which resulted in no synergy.

Including beyond-linear halo bias in halo models

ABSTRACT We derive a simple prescription for including beyond-linear halo bias within the standard, analytical halo-model power spectrum calculation. This results in a corrective term that is added to the usual two-halo term. We measure this correction using data from N-body simulations and demonstrate that it can boost power in the two-halo term by a factor of ∼2 at scales $k\sim 0.7\, h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, with the exact magnitude of the boost determined by the specific pair of fields in the two-point function. How this translates to the full power spectrum depends on the relative strength of the one-halo term, which can mask the importance of this correction to a greater or lesser degree, again depending on the fields. Generally, we find that our correction is more important for signals that arise from lower mass haloes. When comparing our calculation to simulated data, we find that the underprediction of power in the transition region between the two- and one-halo terms, which typically plagues halo-model calculations, is almost completely eliminated when including the full non-linear halo bias. We show improved results for the autospectra and cross-spectra of galaxies, haloes, and matter. In the specific case of matter–matter or matter–halo power, we note that a large fraction of the improvement comes from the non-linear biasing between low- and high-mass haloes. We envisage our model being useful in the analytical modelling of cross-correlation signals. Our non-linear bias halo-model code is available at https://github.com/alexander-mead/BNL.

Structural basis for selective AMPylation of Rac-subfamily GTPases by Bartonella effector protein 1 (Bep1)

Small GTPases of the Ras-homology (Rho) family are conserved molecular switches that control fundamental cellular activities in eukaryotic cells. As such, they are targeted by numerous bacterial toxins and effector proteins, which have been intensively investigated regarding their biochemical activities and discrete target spectra; however, the molecular mechanism of target selectivity has remained largely elusive. Here we report a bacterial effector protein that selectively targets members of the Rac subfamily in the Rho family of small GTPases but none in the closely related Cdc42 or RhoA subfamilies. This exquisite target selectivity of the FIC domain AMP-transferase Bep1 from Bartonella rochalimae is based on electrostatic interactions with a subfamily-specific pair of residues in the nucleotide-binding G4 motif and the Rho insert helix. Residue substitutions at the identified positions in Cdc42 enable modification by Bep1, while corresponding Cdc42-like substitutions in Rac1 greatly diminish modification. Our study establishes a structural understanding of target selectivity toward Rac-subfamily GTPases and provides a highly selective tool for their functional analysis.

Mathematical modeling and synthesis of docking process control for autonomous unmanned underwater vehicle

The paper considers a problem of synthesis of the docking process control of the AUV with the container which belongs to the class of terminal control problems. The method for the synthesis of a two-level control system based on the selection of the dominant component of the state vector and predicting the dynamics of the remaining components at each control step is proposed. In this case, according to the results of the extrapolation of the dynamics to the terminal point, the value of the restriction on the derivative of the dominant component is determined. We synthesize a two-level control system for vertical docking for a specific pair of AUV - container. A thorough analysis of the synthesized control system based on the developed mathematical model is carried out.

Taxon-Specific Pair Bonding in Gibbons (Hylobatidae)

This study provides the first statistically significant evidence that the mechanisms of how pair bonds are created or maintained differ between gibbon taxa. We examine the pair bond in captive pairs of three genera of gibbons (Hylobatidae): siamangs (Symphalangus, N = 17 pairs), crested gibbons (Nomascus, N = 7 pairs), and pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus, N = 9 pairs). In the first part of this study, we determine three generally-accepted indicators of pair-bond strength (mutual grooming, behavioral synchronization and partner distance). A pairwise comparison of our samples reveals a difference in relative partner distances between siamangs and pileated gibbons, suggesting that siamangs may have a stronger pair bond than pileated gibbons. No difference among the three taxa was found in other variables believed to indicate pair bond strength. In the second part we examine the amount of partner-directed grooming in each sex. In siamangs, males invest significantly more into pair bonds than females, whereas the opposite is true in crested and pileated gibbons. Our results for siamangs correspond to predictions derived from the ‘mate-defense hypothesis’ for the evolution of pair bonds, whereas our results for crested gibbons and pileated gibbons correspond to predictions derived from the ‘male-services hypothesis’.

Strengthening marine amphipod DNA barcode libraries for environmental monitoring

Environmental DNA barcoding technology is gaining innovative applications. The effectiveness of current DNA barcode reference libraries in identifying amphipod barcodes and/or strengthening the existing library was tested. From 2500 amphipod individuals we barcoded 22 amphipod species belonging to 17 genera, 13 families among which 13 species were first time barcoded. More than 80 percent of the species were new distributional records. The minimum and maximum inter-specific pair-wise distance values was respectively 0.16 and 5.51 percent. Defining family specific species threshold values would be imperative, rather than expecting a universal barcode gap for amphipod species. The overall mean pair-wise distance, nucleotide diversity and Tajima’s statistics were 3.59 percent, 0.27 and 2.62, respectively. There is a strong need to increase the number of amphipod species barcodes in the reference database. For better facilitation of environmental monitoring, the datasets could be exclusively accessed at BOLD through http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-MAOI.