Constitutive Relationship Proposition of Marine Soft Soil in Korea Using Finite Strain Consolidation Theory

This paper proposes representative constitutive relationship equations of dredging and reclamation soft soil in Korea. The marine soft soils were sampled at 23 dredged-reclaimed construction sites in the Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon regions in Korea; then, laboratory tests were carried out. The consolidation property was classified as LL = 60% for Busan and Gwangyang marine soft soil and LL = 30% for Incheon marine soft soil by conducting basic physical property tests and consolidation tests. Busan soft soil showed a slightly higher consolidation settlement property than Gwangyang soft soil. Incheon soft soil showed the lowest consolidation settlement property among the three regions. In particular, 77 consolidation simulations were carried out at a high void ratio using the centrifugal experiment to realize high water content and in-field stress conditions. The constitutive relationship equations of each of the 23 specimens were analyzed with regard to the void ratio–effective stress and void ratio–permeability coefficient through the back analysis of finite consolidation theory from the experimental results. The constitutive relationship equation for Korean soft soil was determined to be a reasonable power function equation. The representative constitutive relationships for soft soils in the three regions were estimated using six equations, which were classified by physical and consolidation properties. The representative constitutive equations were compared to those in previous studies on high void ratio conditions of marine soft soil, and the results showed a similar range.

Numerical Analysis of Soft Soil Ground Consolidation Settlement

An artificial island under construction is located at an open sea and constructed by such a way that island walls are composed of steel cofferdams inserted into impermeable layers and then filled with sands. Grounds on the island are covered by thick soft soil layers with high water content, large compressibility and low bearing capacity, and treated by a jointed dewatering surcharge preloading method. In order to know the settlement property of the soft soil ground, the numerical analysis is implemented. During the analyzing, the parameters are adjusted and calculated through inverse analysis compared with practical measured data. So the numerical calculation results are more reliable. The analysis results indicate that the residual settlement of the soft soil ground is 9cm, and main ground consolidation settlement will be completed for two years after construction finished.

A participatory framework to assess multifunctional land-use systems with multicriteria and multivariate analyses: A case study on agrobiodiversity of agroforestry systems in Tomé Açú, Brazil

In a participatory framework, the multifunctionality of agroforestry systems was assessed by applying multicriteria and multivariate analyses to identify ecological, agronomic and administrative proxies and integrate these into factors, and evaluate their effects on system performance. The assessment framework was tested in 70 farms in the municipality of Tomé-Açú in the Brazilian Amazon, an area well known for its long-standing practice of agroforestry. The overall goal was to identify management decisions that ensure sustainable production of goods together with the provision of ecosystem services, with special emphasis on agrobiodiversity. Three groups of farmers were considered based on their period of settlement, property size, technological know-how, organization and access to the market. The results show that the determinant factors of multifunctional farming are the farmers’ technical qualification, good adaptability, environmental commitment and the search for financial profitability. However, the optimization of these factors leads to trade-offs such as a decrease in biomass and woody species diversity and the decline of by-product production. By considering stakeholders’ opinions and being adaptable to various demands, the proposed framework enhances the legitimacy of the results, and supports both the assessment of complex issues and decision-making.

3D FEM Analysis on Settlement Characteristics of Composite Foundation Using Ram-Compacted Pile in High-Speed Railway

In engineering practice, there is an increasing application of ram-compacted pile composite foundation for its economical and environmental consideration. In order to forward settlement property research of ram-compacted pile applied in high-speed railway deep soft ground treatment for the first time, and based on ram-compacted pile settlement data of trunk embankment near Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway Langfang station, this paper starts from 3D FEM analysis and provides the study on ram-compacted pile settlement characteristics. What more, settlement prediction using 3D FEM analysis is proved to be applicable and effective.

Ringkasan Studi Sinergi Antara Jaringan Kereta Api Perkotaan Dengan Properti Pemukiman

Kinds of urban transportation policy are used to overcome public transportation's problemin big cities. One of them is the development of public transportation based on railways.This policy has already implemented in J abodetabek as public transportation besides buses.The potency of J abodetabek railways development can be seen from the trends of passengersand land use patterns. In addition, the synergy of settlement area in cities and railwaysdevelopment can be seen as potency as well. The cooperation between PT.KA and privatecompanies has already exists and can be improved by considering the potency. The growthsof those settlements area refers to the regional planning which can take advantage fromthe railways track through on the area, conversely PT.KA will gain profit from the passengerswho stay in that area. This matter is explained in the study of The Synergy of UrbanRailways Network and Settlement Property conducted by Research and Development ofTransportation Agency in 2008.

A comparative study of the anti-settlement properties of mytilid shells

Marine organisms have evolved defence mechanisms to prevent epibiosis. This study investigated the anti-settlement properties of natural periostracal microtopographies of two mytilid species, Mytilus edulis (from North, Baltic and White Seas) and Perna perna (from the SW Atlantic). Resin replicas of shells were exposed to cyprids of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides . Replicas with intact isotropic microtopographies and smooth controls were much less fouled than roughened anisotropic surfaces. This indicates that in both M. edulis and P. perna the periostracum possesses a generic anti-settlement property, at least against S. balanoides cyprids, which is not regionally adapted. Such a potential globally effective anti-settlement mechanism possibly contributes to the invasive success of Mytilidae.

Problems in Motor Insurance — Claim Reserves

In his comprehensive paper entitled “A General Survey of Problems Involved in Motor Insurance”, Dr. Carl Philipson includes remarks with respect to mathematical reserves. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a method of statistical estimation of Third Party Motor Insurance claim reserves. These methods can also be used for Car Damage Insurance, since reserve determination for these rapid settlement property coverages is simpler than for Third Party lines.Dr. Philipson mentions the two main purposes of claim reservesbalance sheet loss reserves which shall be estimated on the safe side for financial reasons, and those reserves needed for risk statistics. In this paper I shall confine my subject to aggregate loss reserves for financial statements and internal management operating reports.In this paper, it will be convenient to refer to both European and U.S. terminology for Motor Car and Automobile Insurance.The comparable terms are:The accident year is the important fiscal period underlying not only the statistical estimation methods discussed in this paper but it is also the basic grouping of accidents in the official reserve tests required in the Annual Statements of U.S. companies for casualty and property lines. An accident year embraces the entire population of claims incurred with accident dates in a particular calendar year, whether reported to the company in that year or subsequently (i.e., incurred /not reported).