Features of the formation of the immune status in calves with different methods of feeding with colostrum

The features of different methods of feeding calves with colos-trum and their influence on the growth, development and health of young animals have been studied in a comparative aspect. The studies were car-ried out using newborn Holstein heifers at a modern dairy complex. De-pending on the method of feeding, the calves consumed different amounts of colostrum on the first day: with a suckler mother cow - 10.8 liters, when using a suckling bottle and a nipple pail - 8 liters, using the CalfDrencher system - 7 liters. Different volumes and rates of colostrum entry into the digestive system of newborns had a significant impact on its digestion in calf abomasum and the transition of immunoglobulins into blood serum. It was found that only with the sucking method, 6 hours after drinking the first portion of colostrum, the content of immunoglobulins in the blood se-rum of calves was more than 10 mg/ml, which corresponds to the physio-logical norm. In accordance with the intensity of the transfer of immuno-globulins from colostrum to blood serum, cases of disease in calves were distributed in the first month of life, which affected their further growth and development. As a result, the live weight required for the first insemi-nation (at least 420 kg) was achieved by the Holstein heifers in group I at the age of 16 months, in group II - 18 months, in group III - 17 months, in group IV - 19 months.

Immunoglobulin Therapy in Infertile Women: Safety and Tolerance

Introduction and Objectives: According to most recent surveys, infertility rates are very high in Spain. Even so, current therapeutic options for increasing fertility are challenging. Immunological causes of infertility such as an increase in natural killer cells have been studied in recent work, for example by using immunoglobulins. Providing care and support for women during such treatments is the traditional responsibility of nursing professionals. The objective of this study was to understand how patients adapt to treatments with immuno globulins at FIV Valenciai . Methods: Retrospective observational study which monitored 40 intravenous immunoglobulin infusions: 400 mg/kg in 27 cases and 200 mg/kg in 13 cases. The state of women’s health was studied with home monitoring, and women’s answers about their health statuses were measured using Liker scales with four values. These identified the occurrence of symptoms and the need for analgesic therapy. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Vital sign monitoring reflected values within the normal limits during all 40 infusions; the figures decreased slightly during the infusion but subsequently returned to normal. More women (59.3%) treated with 400 mg/kg intravenous immuno globulins (IVIG) manifested symptoms compared to 38.5% of women treated with 200 mg/kg IVIG (p = 0.185). The only common symptom that appeared was a headache which easily resolved after analgesic therapy. Conclusion: Nurses play a very important role in the implementation of IVIG therapy. These results show that women adhere well to this therapy at FIV Valencia and none of them reported any severe symptoms. Our findings may facilitate the design of future research studies aimed at improving care for infertile women.

Estimation of Immunoglobulins and complements and Using Enzyme linked Immuno sorbant Assay in Identification of Vulvovaginal candidiasis

This study was conducted to determine the Immuno – globulins and complements quantitatively. The result revealed that the concentration of Immunoglobulin M(IgM) was increased significantly in patient group comparing with control group . The concentration of complement protein C4 was increased significantly in patient group comparing with control group.IgG of Candida albicans was detected by using ELISA Technique, the result indicated also that this antibody was found in 628% of the women who infected with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 63% and 89% respectively.

Agonistic autoantibodies directed against the angiotensin II AT1 receptor in patients with preeclampsia

We showed that sera from patients with preeclampsia contain autoantibodies directed against the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. The antibodies recognize an epitope on the second extracellular loop of the receptor and are immuno globulins of the IgG3 subclass. The antibodies accelerate the beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The agonistic effect can be blocked with the AT1 receptor blocker losartan and can be neutralized by a peptide corresponding to the AT1 receptor's second extracellular loop. In further studies we shown that the autoantibodies recognize a specific conformation of the AT1 receptor. Cleavage of the external disulfide bond with dithiothreitol caused an inactivation of the receptor when stimulated either with Ang II or the autoantibodies in a system of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Long-term stimulation of the AT1 receptor with either agonists down-regulated the AT1 receptor-mediated response to a second Ang II stimulation. These observations show that the agonistic autoantibodies behave pharmacologically in a similar fashion to Ang II. We have found the autoantibodies in all women meeting the clinical criteria of preeclampsia and suggest that they may be important to the pathogenesis of the disease.Key words: angiotensin II, preeclampsia, autoantibodies, IgG subclasses, dithiotrietol, AT1 receptor.

Major Techniques of Biotechnology

Since the discovery of the structure and function of DNA over 40 years ago, the established knowledge of molecular biology has increased dramatically, and many new tools have been discovered and utilized by scientists to develop new therapeutic agents. Important tools that are used in recombinant DNA technology include restriction endonucleases (cleave DNA), DNA ligase (link DNA molecules together), and cloning vectors (place foreign DNA into an organism such as bacterial or yeast cells in order to mass produce the protein encoded by that foreign DNA). The development of hybridoma technology provided a method to produce virtually unlimited quantities of pure antibody with a single specificity. These immuno-globulins are known as monoclonal antibodies, and have provided both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Antisense molecules are oligonucleotides which bind to the messenger RNA (mRNA) of a target gene and selectively inhibit the production of specific proteins. Potential applications for these molecules include cancer and viral and inflammatory diseases. The more recent development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided a tool that has revolutionized diagnostic testing in diverse areas such as infectious diseases, genetic abnormalities, and cancer.