Gross, Microanatomical and Ultrastructural Studies of Interdigital Gland in Madras Red Sheep (Ovis aries)

Background: Madras Red sheep is a well-recognized meat type breed reared only on free range system to yield tasty meat. The aim of this study was to determine the gross, microanatomical and ultrastructural details of the interdigital gland in Madras Red sheep. Methods: The interdigital glands were removed immediately after slaughter and subjected for gross morphological, histological, immunohistochemical studies and ultrastructural observations. Result: The results revealed that a well-developed tobacco-pipe shaped interdigital gland was present in all the four limbs which was composed of an orifice, excretory duct, body and bent or flexure. Histologically, wall of the gland was composed of epidermis, dermis and capsule from within outward. Epidermis was made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Dermis was composed of dense irregular connective tissue with sweat, sebaceous glands, arrectores pili muscle and hair follicles were embedded within. The sweat gland appeared as group of tortuous tubules under scanning electron microscope. The oily secretion of the gland helps in maintaining the healthiness of foot during movement of the animal.

Oncocytic Polyp in a Unicystic Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Palate: A Unique Presentation

We report a palatal mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) with unusual pathological features showing salivary duct cyst-like architecture, varied epithelial linings (excretory duct, mucous goblet cell, and apocrine epithelium phenotypes), scarce luminal tumor plaques, and a large intraluminal oncocytic polyp. To our knowledge, such a unicystic variant of MEC with pedicled oncocytic proliferation in the lumen is unprecedented in the literature. In this particular case, the microscopic diagnosis of MEC is problematic because of the large number of potential mimics.

MACROMICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OFINDIVIDUAL AND AGED VARIABILITY OFTHE GLANDS OFTHE VAGINAL VESTIBUL

Our study aimed to obtain data on the age and individual characteristics of the glands of the vaginal vestibule in postnatal human ontogenesis. Material and research methods. By the macromicroscopic way, the small glands of the vaginal vestibule wall were investigated in cadavers of 163 women of different ages without pathology of the urogenital system. The total number, length, width, density of location, the area of the initial section, the diameter of the common excretory duct of the glands, the number of glands with ampoule-widened excretory ducts, and glands were determined. The results of the study. The conducted macromicroscopic examination made it possible to reveal that the maximum number and size of small vestibular glands are determined in the 1st period of adulthood. Starting from the 2nd period of adulthood and up to old age inclusive, there is a decrease in these indicators. The minimum level of individual variability in the size and number of small glands of the vestibule is characteristic in ontogeny for the neonatal period.

Histology of the Parotid Gland

This chapter describes the characteristic histological features of the parotid gland. The microanatomy of the parotid gland includes the following: stroma (connective tissue) and parenchyma (secretory units or acini, myoepithelial cells, and ductal units). The secretory cells are organized into secretory units or acini, which are lined exclusively by serous cells. Myoepithelial cells are the contractile elements with secretory end pieces and intercalated ducts. The acini are drained by a series of ducts which eventually drain into the major excretory duct (Stensen's duct). Aging of salivary glands show some structural changes, but with no overall change in the amount of saliva secreted with advancing age.

Pancreatic secretion and pressure biomechanics in pancreatic acinus

The article highlights the mechanism of the mathematical model of acinus, the components of the formation of pressure in its cavity and the formation of pancreatic juice. It has been established that the mechanism for creating pressure in the acinus cavity is similar to the intraductal one. In this case, the question remains open about the causes of such high pressure, which is measured in several hundred millimeters of a mercury column, especially since, as histologically established, the pancreas and its ducts do not have muscle structures, and those rudiments of myofibrils, which are noted in some places of the flow system, of course, cannot ensure the development of such pressure. The increase in pressure in the cavity of the acinus is associated with the phenomenon of osmosis in its cells. Since cell membranes have the property of conductivity, as a result of osmosis, water through the membrane first passes from the blood to the cell, then from the cell through the membrane into the acinus cavity. In addition to the mechanism of osmosis through the membrane, in the cells of the acinus epithelium, there is a filtering mechanism through the pores of the layer of connective tissue to the lymph channel. It has now been established that, together with simple osmosis, the phenomenon of electroosmosis takes place in secreting cells and organs of excretion, not only accelerates the transfer of substances, but also increases the pressure on the other side of the membrane against the gradient by almost several first-order units. Thus, the outflow of fluid from the acinus cavity proceeds continuously, but only with a change in the speed of movement, it is determined by the pressure drop in the acinus – tubule – excretory duct system, the opening of the Oddi sphincter and the pulse of the cardiovascular wave, which creates dynamic pressure in the capillary. This whole mechanism, as a result, leads to the filling of the cavity of the acinus and the creation of a certain pressure in it.

Anatomy, Histology, and Ultrastructure of Salivary Glands of the Burrower Bug, Scaptocoris castanea (Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

The burrower bug Scaptocoris castanea Perty, 1830 (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) is an agricultural pest feeding on roots of several crops. The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of S. castanea were described. The salivary system has a pair of principal salivary glands and a pair of accessory salivary glands. The principal salivary gland is bilobed with anterior and posterior lobes joined by a hilus where an excretory duct occurs. The accessory salivary gland is tubular with a narrow lumen that opens into the hilus near the excretory duct, suggesting that its secretion is stored in the lumen of the principal gland. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles with different electron densities and mitochondria. At the base of the accessory gland epithelium, there were scattered cells that do not reach the gland lumen, with the cytoplasm rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role in protein production. Data show that principal and accessory salivary glands of S. castanea produce proteinaceous saliva. This is the first morphological description of the S. castanea salivary system that is similar to other Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha, but with occurrence of basal cells in the accessory salivary gland.

Lectin histochemical study of the quill sebaceous gland in the dorsal skin of the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

Prawira AY, Novelina S, Farida WR, Darusman HS, Agungpriyono S. 2019. Lectin histochemical study of the quill sebaceous gland in the dorsal skin of the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Biodiversitas 20: 2677-2684. In the Sunda Porcupine skin, the sebaceous glands of the quill follicles are multi-lobed alveolar and better developed than those of hair follicles. Using lectin histochemistry, we have studied the distribution of sugar-binding in the sebaceous glands of quills in comparison with those of hairs in six adult Sunda Porcupines. The skin samples from the thoracodorsal and lumbosacral regions were collected by biopsy procedure and processed for histology, histochemistry, and lectin histochemistry. The results showed that the lectin binding patterns are similar in secretory acinar parts of both types of sebaceous glands. The acini and excretory duct contained neutral carbohydrate and sugar residues. The acini also contained alpha D-mannose sugar residue, while the non-secretory excretory duct and debris in the lumen contained alpha-D-mannose, alpha-L-fucose, and α>β-N-acetylgalactosamine, and complex type N-glycan (oligosaccharide) sugar residues, as well. The present findings allowed us to suggest, that in Sunda Porcupine functions of the sebaceous glands of quills are more complex and active compared to those of the hairs.