Response to Vaccination against Mumps in Medical Students: Two Doses Are Needed

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease diffuse worldwide. The implementation of mumps vaccination reduced largely the spread of infection. On 11,327 Medical School students the prevalence of mumps positive antibodies was evaluated according to dose/doses of vaccine, year of birth and sex. Compliance to mumps vaccine was low in students born before 1990 but increased consistently after this year, above all compliance to two doses, due to the implementation of the vaccine offer. Positivity of mumps antibodies is significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in students vaccinated once (71.2%) compared to those vaccinated twice (85.4%). In addition, students born after 1995, largely vaccinated twice, showed a seropositivity near to 90%. Further, females had a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher proportion of positive antibodies after vaccination than males, both one (74.6% vs. 64.7%) and two doses (86.8% vs. 82.9%). Finally, seropositivity after two vaccine doses remains high (86.1%) even 15 years after the second dose. In conclusion, the research highlighted that vaccination against mumps reaches a good level of coverage only after two doses of vaccine persisting at high levels over 15 years and induces a more significant response in females.

Seroprevalence and Determinants Associated with Mumps Antibodies after 20 Years of MMR Vaccination in Urban Area of Shanghai, China

A resurgence of the mumps epidemic in highly vaccinated populations has occurred in recent years in many countries. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence to mumps in urban areas of Shanghai, where a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination had been implemented for 20 years. Mumps IgG antibodies were tested in 2662 residual sera from all ages in an urban area of Shanghai. A linear regression method was performed to assess the persistence of mumps antibodies after MMR vaccination. A logistic regression method was used to analyze the variables associated with seronegative sera. The overall age- and gender-adjusted seroprevalence of mumps antibodies reached 90% (95% CI: 90.0–90.2). The antibody concentration declined significantly in the first eight years after the second dose of MMR. The multivariate analysis identified that males, age groups, especially 17–19 years and no dose of vaccination, as well as one dose of vaccination, as factors associated with an increased risk of seronegative sera. A high seroprevalence to mumps has been achieved in the urban areas of Shanghai. A declining antibody level of mumps after the second dose of MMR may put a potential risk of recurrence of mumps. The two-dose MMR vaccine schedule is superior to one-dose schedule for mumps control.

Persistence of rubella and mumps antibodies, following changes in the recommended age for the second dose of MMR vaccine in Portugal

SUMMARYIn Portugal, the recommended age for the second dose of MMR (MMR2) was changed from 10–13 years to 5–6 years for those born in 1994 and afterwards. This study aimed to assess if MMR schedule and time elapsed from the last dose are associated with the concentration of rubella and mumps IgG antibodies. Three Portuguese birth cohorts (convenience samples) were selected for this study (66, 59 and 41 participants born respectively in 1990–1993, 1994–1995 and 2001–2003). Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) for mumps IgG were respectively 36, 30 and 38 RU/ml (P = 0·236) and for rubella IgG were 18, 20 and 17 IU/ml (P = 0·641). For both specific antibodies, no differences were observed with time since MMR2. Receiving MMR2 at 5–6 or 10–13 years was not associated with concentration of both antibodies. The GMC of rubella IgG was lower in males (P = 0·029). Taking into account previous evidence and the logistics needed to change vaccination schedules, it seems reasonable that sustaining very high coverage with two doses of MMR is currently the most pragmatic way to control mumps and rubella rather than any changes to the schedule.

Prematurely Born Children: Vaccination – Safety and Specific Immune Response

The analysis of safety and efficiency of vaccination of the children born before the term (61 children of 1 – 4 degree of prematurity) and children born in time (21 children – group of comparison). For vaccination and revaccination was used: DTP (20 and 15 children respectively), DTaP (22 and 4 children), pentavalentny vaccine (DTaP/IPV/Hib – 9 and 2 children) and DT (10 children of the studied group with convulsion in the anamnesis). Against measles, mumps and a rubella was immunized 47 and 20 children respectively. After immunization all clinical symptoms was analyzed and after 2 months diphtheria measles and mumps antibodies was detected.Prematurely born children has the 1 vaccination for 3 – 4 months later, then infants, with born at time. After vaccination 75.4% and 74.5% infants in both groups hadn’t any clinical symptoms. Acute respiratory infection was registered with the same frequency (25,5 – 25.0% and 24.6 – 23.8%). The antibodies titer to diphtheria, measles, mumps didn't depend on degree of prematurity.