Design method of blasthole charge structure based on lithology distribution

The density of geological exploration boreholes is one of the main bases for blasthole charge structure design. Due to the low density of geological exploration boreholes, it is impossible to obtain the blast hole rock formations' distribution accurately. With the development and application of intelligent drilling rigs, the lithology distribution data of the blasthole can be accurately obtained, and a blasthole charge structure design method based on the lithology distribution is proposed. The blasthole lithology data collected by the intelligent drilling rig is divided into 7 categories according to the rock hardness, and the adjacent strata with similar lithology are combined and divided into two groups of soft rocks and hard rocks. According to the rock stratum grouping data of the blasthole and the unit explosive consumption of each type of lithology, the explosive amount and charge length required for the soft rock group and the hard rock group can be calculated, respectively. Finally, the blasthole charge structure is designed according to the thickness and charge position of the hard rocks. With the C++ programming language, this method is realized and applied in the Shengli Open-pit Coal Mine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The application results show that, compared with the traditional hole charging structure design method, this method can realize accurate segmented charging of the hole, improve the blasting effect and the degree of rock fragmentation, and reduce the blasting cost.

Sonic Drilling with Use of a Cavitation Hydraulic Vibrator

Sonic drilling is a soil penetration technique that strongly reduces friction on the drill string and drill bit due to liquefaction, inertia effects and a temporary reduction of porosity of the soil. Modern studies to assess the effect of the vibration frequency of the drill bit on the rock fragmentation in experimental and theoretical works on drilling various rocks by the sonic method have shown that vibration frequencies of ~ 1.4 kHz are the most beneficial for ensuring the maximum drilling speed in hard rocks. The above frequencies of excitation of vibrations of the drill bit can be achieved by using a cavitation hydrovibrator. The cavitation hydrovibrator is the Venturi tube of special geometry that converts a stationary fluid (flushing mud) flow into an oscillatory stalling cavitation flow and hydrovibrator structure longitudinal vibrations. The drill bit vibration accelerations are realized in such a drill string, leading to the destruction of rock. Efficient removal of rock particles from the bottomhole is achieved due to high-frequency shock self-oscillations of mud pressure exceeding the steady-state pressure at the generator inlet. The cavitation hydraulic vibrator lacks the main disadvantages of submersible hydraulic hammers.

MAKNA AL-SULBI DAN AL-TARA'IB (Q.S AL-TARIQ AYAT 7) DALAM TINJAUAN TAFSIR MAUDU'I DAN SEMANTIK

This study aims to analyze more comprehensively the meaning of the words al-sulbi and al-tara'ib. In its interpretation, the seventh verse of the letter al-Tariq is always associated with the study of the kauniyah verses, and the majority relates it to the process of human creation. In fact, if we refer to the basic meaning of both, al-s {ulbi means hard or strong, and al-tara'ib means dirt or dust, it is very far from being connected to the process of human creation. To solve this problem, the writer uses the method of interpretation of maud {u'i surah with the semantic approach of the Qur'an. From this analysis, the conclusion is that by using the method of interpretation of maud {u'i surah and considering the munasah in the letter al-T{{a>riq, then it could mean that the meaning is hard rocks (al-sulbi) and soft soil (al-tara'ib) on the crust of the earth, and is related to the discharge of water from the ground. This shows that it has nothing to do with the process of human creation. However, by using the semnatic approach of the Koran, it is found that the lafaz al-s {ulbi refers to the back and al-tara>'ib leads to the ribs of women. Thus, the explanation strongly supports the results of the interpretation in general, namely the process of human creation. Thus, it can be taken into account that in general verse 7 of the letter al-Ta>riq describes the process of human creation. And on the other hand, simultaneously there are systemic similarities with the process of releasing groundwater from the aquifer.