Suppression by Stealth: The Partisan Response to Protest in State Legislatures

Many scholars have investigated the relationship between protest and repression. Less often examined is the legislative suppression of protest by elites seeking to make protest more costly to protesters. Because state legislatures are largely invisible to the public, this “wholesale” suppression of protest is less likely to trigger public opposition than repression by the police. This study explains the sharp increase in the number and the severity of state legislative bills to repress the right to protest both before and after the election of Donald Trump. In particular, it examines whether these can be attributed either to Republican control of state legislatures or to protest threat. Contrary to the findings in much of the literature, bills aimed at suppressing protest are less closely related to threat than to the realignment of state politics. The article also finds that these proposals were influenced by diffusion through policy brokerage.

From Insurgency to Movement: An Embryonic Labor Movement Undermining Hegemony in South China

This article provides a new analysis of Chinese labor politics. Most scholars suggest that China has no labor movement because Chinese labor protests are apolitical, cellular, and short-lived, and thus inconsistent with the properties of social movements identified in the political process model. By contrast, the author draws on Antonio Gramsci’s ideas regarding movements undermining hegemony and on ethnographic and archival research to demonstrate that the activities of movement-oriented labor nongovernmental organizations (MLNGOs) coupled with associated labor protests since 2011 constitute the embryo of a counterhegemonic labor movement. MLNGOs have reworked the hegemonic labor law system to undermine the regime’s legal fragmentation of workers, nurtured worker leaders who speak for and represent migrant workers to temporarily substitute for impotent workplace unions, and developed alternative organizational networks of labor organizing that challenged the union’s monopoly. This incipient counterhegemonic movement persisted several years after state repression in late 2015 but was curtailed by another wave of repression in January 2019. The very severity of state repression suggests that a movement countering hegemony has been formed.

POLYTRAUMA AND RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA

Введение. Лечебная тактика при тяжелой сочетанной травме живота остается наиболее сложным и нерешенным вопросом современной хирургии. При этом от принятия решения о возможности выполнения того или иного вмешательства зависят результаты лечения и исход травмы. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 811 пострадавших с тяжелой сочетанной травмой живота, наиболее частыми причинами которой были ДТП — 583 (71,9%) и кататравма — 228 (28,1%). Объективную оценку тяжести травмы производили по индексу тяжести повреждения и индексу тяжести состояния. Проведены физикальные, лабораторные и инструментальные методы диагностики забрюшинных гематом. Результаты. У 129 (16%) пострадавших интраоперационно была выявлена и ревизирована забрюшинная гематома. При ревизии ее у 47 (36,4%) пострадавших были обнаружены повреждения поджелудочной железы, у 6 (4,6%) — разрывы забрюшинных отделов двенадцатиперстной кишки, у 31 (24%) — разрывы почек. В 5 (3,9%) случаях причинами забрюшинных гематом были разрывы полой вены, а в 4 (3,1%) — брюшной аорты. Причинами клинически значимых забрюшинных и внутритазовых гематом, сопровождавшихся геморрагическим шоком III–IV класса, у 34 (15%) пострадавших явились переломы костей таза. Заключение. Приведены тактические подходы хирургического лечения в зависимости от причин и локализаций гематом. Ключевые слова: ревизия забрюшинной гематомы, тяжелая сочетанная травма живота, переломы костей таза. Introduction. Treatment policy for severe combined abdominal trauma remains the most complex and unresolved question of modern surgery. At the same time, the results of treatment and outcome of trauma depend on feasibility of one or another intervention. Materials and methods. The treatment experience of 811 victims with severe combined abdominal trauma is presented, the most common causes of which were road traffi c accidents — 583 (71,9%) and catatrauma — 228 (28,1%). The severity of injury was assessed by indexes of damage severity and severity of state. Physical, laboratory and instrumental methods for diagnostics of retroperitoneal hematomas are presented. Results. Intraoperatively retroperitoneal hematoma was identifi ed and checked in 129 (16%) of patients. During the revision of retroperitoneal hematoma we found pancreatic damage in 47 (36,4%) of patients, ruptures of retroperitoneal segments of duodenum — in 6 (4,6%) persons and kidney ruptures — in 31 (24%). The causes of retroperitoneal hematomas were vena cava ruptures — in 5 (3,9%) cases and abdominal aorta ruptures — in 4 (3,1%) cases. In 34 (15%) patients clinically signifi cant retroperitoneal and intrapelvic hematomas were caused by fractures of pelvic bones, accompanied by hemorrhagic shock III–IV class. Conclusion. Tactical approaches of surgical treatment are presented depending on hematomas causes and localization.

‘Penal populism’ and penological change in contemporary Japan

This article examines whether the concept of penal populism can be useful in understanding contemporary developments in Japanese criminal justice. In addressing this issue it is suggested that we need to draw a clear distinction between different conceptions of penal populism and, in particular, we should avoid equating penal populism with intensification of the severity of state punishment. A discussion of the Japanese experience highlights the importance of focusing on populism as a process by which new voices emerge and influence criminal justice policy as a result of an unmet demand for justice and security. This perception of a lack of security and justice is a global phenomenon that, nevertheless, expresses itself in distinctive, culturally specific ways. Although the extent of this shift should not be exaggerated, at least in a Japanese context, penal populism has contributed to an opening up of criminal justice and a disaggregation of state sovereignty.

Mental health of women with hysteromyoma

In result of clinical-psychopathological examination of 100 women suffering from hysteromyoma we have identified as compared with portion of patients without mental disturbances, specific weight of women with mental disorders (47%) and with pre-nosological manifestations (43%) predominated (р < 0,05), from them 21% met definitions of psychoadaptive state and 22% - psychodisadaptive status (PDAS). Study of distribution of prevalence of variants of PDAS has revealed predominance in the examined of asthenic register (8%), where basic manifestations was feeling of fatigue, increasing to the end of the day, pains in muscles, sensation of apathy. Psychovegetative variant was revealed in 6% patients and was represented by paroxysmal vegetative dysfunctions, transient headaches, and sleep disturbance. Dysthymic variant characterized by emotional lability in the kind of irritability, feeling of uneasiness and mental discomfort, has been revealed in 5%, and dysmnestic variant manifesting by short-term changes in the sphere of attention, orientation in familiar setting, erroneous estimation of time intervals was diagnosed in 3% of women. Revealed mental disturbances included four clusters: neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–48) have been revealed in 29% of examined women; affective, predominately of depressive spectrum (F32–34.1) - in 9%; personality disorders and behavioral disorders at mature age (F60–61) - in 3% and behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50–52) - in 6%. Presented data demonstrate high prevalence of mental disturbances in female patients with hysteromyoma that, complicating severity of state of women and decreasing adaptive abilities, considerably worsens quality of life and efficacy of treatment measures.

Luciferase activity changes during the acute period of tick-borne mixed infection in children

The research of clinical characteristics of different tick mixed infections etiological variants in children — tick-borne encephalitis, ixodid tick-borne borreliosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis and monocytic ehrlichiosis in human in Kemerovo region showed a possibility of feverish meningeal and meningoencephalitic forms of disease. The comparative analysis of mono- and mixed infections according to the principal clinical criteria showed the predominance of non-specific symptoms and more severe clinical course in mixed etiology, the pathognomonic for ixodid tick-borne borreliosis symptoms are rare. One of the main causes of severity of state and sequences of the disease is the autotoxemia syndrome. The use of the luciferase method in the diagnosing of the autotoxemia syndrome in tick mixed infections allows to predict the development of severe forms of the disease.