Drain Current Modeling of Tunnel FET using Simpson’s Rule

Tunnel Field Effect Transistor can be introduced as an emerging alternate to MOSFET which is energy efficient and can be used in low power applications. Due to the challenge involved in integration of band to band tunneling generation rate, the existing drain current models are inaccurate. A compact analytical model for simple tunnel FET and pnpn tunnel FET is proposed which is highly accurate. The numerical integration of tunneling generation rate in the tunneling region is performed using Simpson’s rule. Integration is done using both Simpson’s 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule and the models are validated against numerical device simulations. The models are compared with existing models and it is observed that the proposed models show excellent agreement with device simulations in the entire region of operation with Simpson’s 3/8 rule exhibiting the maximum accuracy.

MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION-DERIVED FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE EJECTION FRACTION: A SIMPLE, EASY AND RAPID ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PARAMETER TO ASSES LEFT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION

Aims & Objectives - MAPSE DERIVED EJECTION FRACTION CAN BE USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE CONVENTIONAL ECHOCARDIORAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF EJECION FRACTION IN EVERY DAY CLINICAL PRACTICE WITH PATIENTS WITH LV SYSTOLIC DYSFUNTION & VALIDATION OF MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION DERIVED FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE EJECTION FRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH LV SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION EF=4.8XMAPSE(mm)+5.8 in adult male & 4.2X MAPSE(mm)+20 in adult female. Our study is Material and Methodobservational, prospective study with cross sectional data collection done in a period of nov 2018 to nov 2019, The study included 151 adult male and female patients with LV systolic dysfunction fullling all inclusion criteria, LVEF measured by average MAPSE and LVEF measured by visual inspection, M–mode, and modied Simpson's rule was statistically correlated to know the validity of MAPSE derived ejection in case of LVsystolic dysfunction. The current study showed a signicant positive correlation Result - between average MAPSE and EF measured by Mmode (r =0.980, P < 0.001), EF measured by Simpson's rule (r =0.968, P < 0.001), and EF measured by visual inspection(r =0.960, P < 0.001). The mean differences in the EF derived by MAPSE formula between the inter-observer was(-0.14 ± 3.18 ). MAPSE-derived EF using Conclusion - the equation EF = 4.8 × MAPSE (mm) + 5.8 for male and EF = 4.2×MAPSE (mm)+20 for female, is a valid echocardiographic parameter in adult males and females with impaired LV systolic function to asses global LV longitudinal function with minimal interobserver variability.

Some New Newton’s Type Integral Inequalities for Co-Ordinated Convex Functions in Quantum Calculus

Some recent results have been found treating the famous Simpson’s rule in connection with the convexity property of functions and those called generalized convex. The purpose of this article is to address Newton-type integral inequalities by associating with them certain criteria of quantum calculus and the convexity of the functions of various variables. In this article, by using the concept of recently defined q1q2 -derivatives and integrals, some of Newton’s type inequalities for co-ordinated convex functions are revealed. We also employ the limits of q1,q2→1− in new results, and attain some new inequalities of Newton’s type for co-ordinated convex functions through ordinary integral. Finally, we provide a thorough application of the newly obtained key outcomes, these new consequences can be useful in the integral approximation study for symmetrical functions, or with some kind of symmetry.

Simpson’s Rule and Hermite–Hadamard Inequality for Non-Convex Functions

In this article we give a variant of the Hermite–Hadamard integral inequality for twice differentiable functions. It represents an improvement of this inequality in the case of convex/concave functions. Sharp two-sided inequalities for Simpson’s rule are also proven along with several extensions.

A New Multivariable Grey Convolution Model Based on Simpson’s Rule and Its Applications

Accurate estimations can provide a solid basis for decision-making and policy-making that have experienced some kind of complication and uncertainty. Accordingly, a multivariable grey convolution model (GMC (1, n)) having correct solutions is put forward to deal with such complicated and uncertain issues, instead of the incorrect multivariable grey model (GM (1, n)). However, the conventional approach to computing background values of the GMC (1, n) model is inaccurate, and this model’s forecasting accuracy cannot be expected. Thereby, the drawback analysis of the GMC (1, n) model is conducted with mathematical reasoning, which can explain why this model is inaccurate in some applications. In order to eliminate the drawbacks, a new optimized GMC (1, n), shorted for OGMC (1, n), is proposed, whose background values are calculated based on Simpson’ rule that is able to efficiently approximate the integration of a function. Furthermore, its extended version that uses the Gaussian rule to discretize the convolution integral, abbreviated as OGMCG (1, n), is proposed to further enhance the model’s forecasting ability. In general, these two optimized models have such advantages as simplified structure, consistent forecasting performance, and satisfactory efficiency. Three empirical studies are carried out for verifying the above advantages of the optimized model, compared with the conventional GMC (1, n), GMCG (1, n), GM (1, n), and DGM (1, n) models. Results show that the new background values can effectively be calculated based on Simpson’s rule, and the optimized models significantly outperform other competing models in most cases.

104 Left ventricular stroke volume differences among echocardiographic methods in healthy adults from the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study

Funding Acknowledgements WASE Normal Values Study is sponsored by American Society Echocardiography Foundation. OnBehalf the WASE Investigators Background Left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) can be determined by multiple ultrasound methods, including Doppler, two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. However, how methods compare to each other is not well understood. In this report from the WASE study, we aim to examine and compare normal reference ranges for SV and SV index (SVI) obtained from healthy adults by Doppler, 2D Simpson’s and 3D methods. Methods WASE Normal Values Study is a multinational, observational, cross-sectional study. Individuals free from known cardiac, lung and renal disease were prospectively enrolled with even distribution among age groups and gender. Doppler, 2D and 3D datasets were acquired at the enrolling centers, following a standardized protocol. LV SV was measured by three methods: Doppler (LV outflow tract diameter and velocity time integral), 2D biplane Simpson’s rule and 3D volume method. SV was indexed by body surface area (SVI). All measurements were analyzed (TOMTEC) in two core laboratories (for 2D and 3D) following ASE Guidelines. Methods were compared by Friedman test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results As of May 2019, 646 cases have been analyzed in both 2D and 3D datasets. In this population, age was 45 ± 16 years old (range 18-85) and body surface area was 1.76 ± 0.22 m² (range 0.95-2.44). LV EF by 2D Simpson’s rule and 3D method were 63.2 ± 2.9 and 62.3 ± 5.0 %, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). SVI by Doppler, 2D and 3D were 39.6 ± 7.6, 33.8 ± 6.5 and 41.0 ± 9.4 ml/m², respectively. There were significant differences between the three methods (p &lt; 0.0001, Friedman test). 2D underestimated SVI compared to Doppler by 14.6% (mean of differences 5.8 ml/m², p &lt; 0.0001) and 3D by 17.6% (7.2 ml/m², p &lt; 0.001). The difference between Doppler and 3D was smaller (3.4% lower by Doppler) but still statistically significant (1.4 ml/m², p = 0.0008). The results are shown in the figure. Conclusions Comparing 3 modalities in a large population of healthy individuals, SV and SVI are underestimated by 2D Simpson’s method. Given the large differences, combining 2D and Doppler or 3D measurements for hemodynamic calculations (such as regurgitant volumes and fraction) should be done with caution. Abstract 104 Figure.