ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE SPRAY BASED ON IBUPROFEN AND LIQUID WORMWOOD EXTRACT

The article presents the results of determining anti-inflammatory activity of the spray based on ibuprofen and liquid wormwood extract. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the model of local acute carrageenan inflammation. As a result of the studies it was found that the increase in paw weight averaged 49,66% in the control group of rats, in the group of rats receiving the comparison drug «Ibuleve» - 11,26%. For the group of rats receiving combined composition and the same composition without ibuprofen, the average increase in paw weight was 7,11% and 15,07%, respectively. The index of inflammatory inhibition when using combined composition was 85,68%, the composition with liquid extract of wormwood without ibuprofen was 69,65%, the liquid extract of wormwood 1:1 was 53,00%. The index of edema suppression proves that combined composition of the spray containing ibuprofen and liquid extract of wormwood has the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, for which the percentage of edema suppression exceeds the value for the comparison drug on the average by 8,36%.

Phytochemical Screening and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis)

In traditional West African setting, plants are commonly used for cosmetic and medicinal benefits such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiparasitic effect of which Henna (Lawsonia inermis), a natural occurring plant of the lythraceae family is not an exception. A preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory properties of Lawsonia inermis leaves extracted with N-butanol and ethyl acetate was investigated. Standard analytical procedures were observed, and statistical analysis using ANOVA version 20.0 was conducted to analyze for mean ± standard deviation (SD) and the least significant difference (LSD) obtained from the study. Results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, cyanogenic and cardiac glycosides; while In vivo anti-inflammatory activity wasobserved on a week old cockerel chicks induced carrageenan inflammation post extract administration, using aspirin tablet as control. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract as portrayed could be attributed to the plants rich phytochemical potential.

Study to Investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with reference drug Fenspiride (syrup) using accute Carrageenan-induced Paw Inflammation Model

Introduction: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with Fenspiride was carried out on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paws in rats. Materials and methods: Edema was caused by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% λ- carrageenan gel into the hind paw. The severity of edema was assessed by using 37140 plethysmometer (UGO BASILE, Italy). The measurements were performed before edema induction and 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours afterwards. Anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs was also evaluated based on the analysis of rats’ blood, C-reactive protein concentration and histological examination results. Results and discussion: A decrease in the paw volume increment was revealed in the group with the studied drug in comparison with the group with the carrageenan edema model (control) 4, 12, 24 hours after injection of carrageenan (p<0.05). As a result of plethysmometry, a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the studied drug than that of Fenspiride was revealed. There was a significant decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05), monocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in the group with the studied drug compared to those the the control 48 hours after the initiation of edema, while in the group with Fenspiride, there was only a decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05) and lymphocytes (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentration of C-reactive protein between the groups. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum in comparison with Fenspiride, on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paw in rats.

Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory process by ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) ointment

Introduction: The anti-inflammatory activity of the ointment based on ginger extract was investigated on carrageenan-induced inflammation. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated on the carrageenan inflammation model in rat. The animals were divided into 5 groups: first group– control (without treatment); second group– animals received preventive treatment of ointment with ginger extract two days before experiment and with subsequent treatment after administration of phlogogen; 3rd group– animals received applications of 5% ibuprofen 2 days before experiment and with subsequent treatment after induction of inflammation; fourth group – animals were treated with ginger extract ointment after one day of the phlogogen administration; fifth group – animals were treated with reference drug after one day of the phlogogen introduction. The biochemical parameters (concentration of sialic acids, seromucoids, contents of total proteins and protein fractions) of the blood of experimental animals were investigated. Results: After local application of the ointment from the ginger extract, under the conditions of its application after phlogogen inoculation, the effect was the same as anti-inflammatory effect of the ibuprofen which was used as reference drug. The preventive ointment application provided faster and more intense reduction of the inflammatory focus with returning to the background indicators on the eighth day of the experiment, and for biochemical parameters on the sixth day of therapy. Conclusion: The ointment from ginger extract shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammation caused by carrageenan.

Activation of Cannabinoid CB2Receptors Suppresses C-Fiber Responses and Windup in Spinal Wide Dynamic Range Neurons in the Absence and Presence of Inflammation

Effects of the CB2-selective cannabinoid agonist AM1241 on activity evoked in spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons by transcutaneous electrical stimulation were evaluated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Recordings were obtained in both the absence and the presence of carrageenan inflammation. AM1241, administered intravenously or locally in the paw, suppressed activity evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation during the development of inflammation. Decreases in WDR responses resulted from a suppression of C-fiber–mediated activity and windup. Aβ- and Aδ-fiber–mediated responses were not reliably altered. The AM1241-induced suppression of electrically evoked responses was blocked by the CB2antagonist SR144528 but not by the CB1antagonist SR141716A. AM1241 (33 μg/kg intraplantar [ipl]), administered to the carrageenan-injected paw, suppressed activity evoked in WDR neurons relative to groups receiving vehicle in the same paw or AM1241 in the opposite (noninflamed) paw. The electrophysiological effects of AM1241 (330 μg/kg intravenous [iv]) were greater in rats receiving ipl carrageenan compared with noninflamed rats receiving an ipl injection of vehicle. AM1241 failed to alter the activity of purely nonnociceptive neurons recorded in the lumbar dorsal horn. Additionally, AM1241 (330 μg/kg iv and ipl; 33 μg/kg ipl) reduced the diameter of the carrageenan-injected paw. The AM1241-induced decrease in peripheral edema was blocked by the CB2but not by the CB1antagonist. These data demonstrate that activation of cannabinoid CB2receptors is sufficient to suppress neuronal activity at central levels of processing in the spinal dorsal horn. Our findings are consistent with the ability of AM1241 to normalize nociceptive thresholds and produce antinociception in inflammatory pain states.