INTEGRATED MONITORING OF SLOPE PROCESS IN INDIA AND RUSSIA

The common approach to landslide prediction is the integration of the observed landslide displacements, soil properties, and rainfall estimation into predictive models. In general, monitoring the evolution of an unstable slope may provide valuable information to gain a better understanding of the active prediction and early warning processes for potential geodisasters. With this background an initiation has taken between India and Russia to develop cost effective methodology to monitor landslides under the Indo Russian Bilateral Collaborative Projects by DSTRFBR. Based on the hazard assessment The Nilgiris District in Tamil Nadu and Wayanad and Idukki Districts in Kerela area identified for further detailed study on monitoring Vulnerable slopes. On the territory of North Ossetia three sites of different mass volume and differenent activity rates were selected. Landslides that have not moved for years (for example Luarskiy landslide) commonly reactivate if ground water levels change dramatically, particularly when water penetrates old ground cracks, or construction activity creates slope modification that reduces stability.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL LANDFORM ANALYSIS OF THE AREAS IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS ATTRACTIVE FOR RECREATION (THE CASE OF THE CHORNA TYSA BASIN)

The promising area – attractive for recreation – is located within two large geomorphological regions, the Polonynsko-Chornohorsky Carpathians (Svydivets Massif) and the Vododilno-Verhovynsky Carpathians (Bratkivsky Ridge of the Pryvododilny Gorgany). The area includes the highest part of the Svydivets Massif, i.e., Urdu-Flavantuch Ridge (Mt Blyznytsia, 1881 m), Apshynets and Svydivets Ridge (Mt Kotel, 1770.8 m; Mt Dogiaska, 1761.7 m; Mt Troyaska, 1762.6 m), whose structure contains sediments of fine rhythmic flysch and coarse sandstones of chalk and Paleogene. The morphostructure of the Bratkivsky Ridge (Mt Velyka Bratkivska, 1788 m) was formed on the Paleocene and Eocene sediments dominated by massive sandstones, whose outcropping created large masses of rock fields. The typical morpho-sculptural elements are relict landform tiers, as well as forms of Pleistocene icing and extraglacial forms. The dominating forms of Pleistocene ice accumulation are cirques with steep rocky lateral and back walls, troughs (ice plains), rocky cirque ridges (karlіngs), rock bars (transverse rocky cliffs at the bottom of ice plains), glacier deposits (moraines), and lakes in cirque bottoms. Within the area between the spurs of the Turbatska valley in the west and the Menchul valley in the east, there is a large group of Apshynets and Vorozhesky cirques. Most researchers note that the system of these cirques is the most striking area of the relict alpine relief of the Svydivets Mountain Group – with steep rocky walls, cirque lakes (tarns), numerous exarative & accumulative forms, snowfields, and nival niches. The area shows a full spectrum of modern morphodynamic processes: sheet erosion (deluvial erosion), linear erosion, defluxion, slow solifluction, nival processes, mudflows, windthrows & wind falls, as well as gravitational processes, that is, rock slides, talus deposits, avalanches, and landslides. When any slope process starts, it is always connected with geological, geomorphological and climatic factors, as well as economic activity. In fact, exogenous morphological processes are mutually conditioned ("chain reaction"). When designing recreational complexes, the geo-ecological approach is most often used. This approach ensures the most rational and secure use of natural resources, as well as preservation, enhancement and improvement of the environment. Key words: landform, morphostructure, morphosculpture, morphodynamic processes, Ukrainian Carpathians, Chorna Tysa, recreation, geographical forecasting.

УУЛЫН ХАЖУУГИЙН ҮЙЛ ЯВЦЫГ ХӨРСӨН ДЭХ МИКРО ЭЛЕМЕНТИЙН ТАРХАЛТААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ НЬ

This study shows hill slope process of Mt. Ovoot in the northeast of Khangai Mountain Range, Mongolia. This work is mainly focused on sediment transportation by surface and subsurface flows in Mt. Ovoot based on movement of microelements within soil profiles along the mountain slopes and measurement of particle sizes and shapes of the soils. The main purpose is (1) to determine the chemical and physical properties of soils, and (2) to reveal hill slope process with movements of microelements. Movement of the microelements show intensive slope processes in the Mt. Ovoot. Each surface soil on upper slope contains microelements less than those on lower slope of the mountain, where sediments have been more round and finer. It infers that more soils are eroded and accumulated on upper and lower slopes, respectively, these transport and deposition of the soil particles are caused by the surface and subsurface flows.

Holocene slope processes and landforms in the northern Faroe Islands

ABSTRACTThe exposed nature of the northern Faroe Islands high relief landscape enabled widespread Holocene slope process activity and deposition of related landforms, which seem largely controlled by extreme meteorological conditions. Three different slope landforms – the large colluvial Glyvurs fan, the lower Marknastiggjur mountainside debris-flow deposits in the town of Klaksvik, and the mountain top aeolian sediment cover on Eidiskollur – were investigated by a combination of geomorphological, stratigraphic, sedimentological, chronological and modern process studies.Sporadic Holocene snow-avalanche and debris-flow activity were documented, with sedimentation starting significantly before 8000 cal yr BP in the Glyvurs fan, which still sporadically experiences activity. The largest amounts of Holocene slope sedimentation seem to occur in colluvial fans, such as the Glyvurs fan, which are located below large dyke canyons, called gjogvs. The lower Marknastiggjur mountainside consists of mainly debris-flow deposits, which started before 7800 cal yr BP. A relatively small amount of precipitation, but with high precipitation intensity after a dry summer, triggered modern small-scale debris-flows in the northern islands, also at the Marknastiggjur mountainside, early in Autumn 2000. Extensive continuous mountaintop aeolian sedimentation from cliff weathering started around 6900 cal yr BP on the Eidiskollur peninsula.No direct influence of settlement on slope process activity was found at the different investigated slope landforms in the northern Faroe Islands.