Neuroprotective role of Beta-asarone: A review

Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) also known as sweet flag in Indian traditional medicine is generally used for treatment of various ailments like cough, fever, bronchitis, inflammation, depression, tumours, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, insomnia, hysteria, epilepsy, and loss of memory. Asarone is a chemical compound of the phenylpropanoid class found in plants such as Acorus and Asarum. There are two isomers, α (trans) and β (cis). Alpha-asarone is potentially toxic compared to beta-asarone and hence pharmacological elucidation of beta-asarone is wide. Beta-asarone due to its blood brain barrier crossing property it is well elucidated for potential neuroprotective effect. The beneficial properties of beta-asarone are attributed to molecular pathways of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and synaptogenesis through IRE1/XBP1 ER stress pathway, mitochondrial ASK1/MKK7/JNK pathway, CaMKII/CREB/Bcl-2 expression and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 pathways. The memory enhancing property of beta-asarone is said to be due to beclin dependent autophagy by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The aim of this review is to highlight the neuroprotective role of beta asarone in terms of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, neurogenesis and autophagy with special emphasis on two neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease along with its beneficial property in elucidating synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Further research on toxicity and pharmacokinetics of beta-asarone are much needed to bring this potential compound into therapeutic use.

Beneficial Ownership Chain And Its Evaluation Arrangement

This paper presents a beneficial ownership chain. Nowadays international environment, there is an intensification of the movement of financial flows, which is inextricably linked to the checks on persons of business owners by the Controlling Authorities. Applying an effective valuation methodology and the availability of interconnected databases on corporate ownership becomes the only way to ensure the prosperity of business law and the ultimate beneficiary. Authors of the article consider the theoretical foundations of the conceptual framework of the final beneficial owner, which is a key link in the chain of ownership. The specification of the beneficial ownership chain and the methodology for calculating the beneficial property index are explained, and it proves the existence or absence of the final beneficiary.

Concentrating rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon aristatus extract for high antioxidative candies

Extraction and fractionation were carried out to concentrate the rosmarinic acid from Orthosiphon aristatus in order to increase the value of herbal candy formulated using polyphenolic rich extract. The herb was extracted and fractionated in column chromatography, and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The collected plant fractions with similar chromatographic profiles were combined and determined for antioxidant capacities expressed in radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity was in good agreement with the concentration of rosmarinic acid in the combined fractions. The combined fraction II showed the highest rosmarinic acid content, 3.8%w/w and the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50=14.922 ppm). The incorporation of rosmarinic acid rich extract into candy formulation did not statistically affect the antioxidant capacity. Hence, the rosmarinic acid rich extract could be another choice of ingredient to enhance the beneficial property of candies. Candy is another form of carrier to deliver herbal ingredient for health promotion.

A naringenin-based benzoxazine with an intramolecular hydrogen bond as both a thermal latent polymerization additive and property modifier for epoxy resins

A naringenin-based benzoxazine containing a latent catalytic system was designed and successfully synthesized and it can be used as both a thermal latent polymerization additive and a beneficial property modifier for epoxy resins.

Smart and sustainable design of latent catalyst-containing benzoxazine-bio-resins and application studies

A fully bio-based benzoxazine containing latent catalytic system is designed and successfully synthesized and it can be used as both an initiator and a beneficial property modifier of other thermosetting systems, especially for fire related properties.

Toxicological properties of an aqueous extract of Aristolochia triangularis leaves, using the brine shrimp lethality and Allium cepa bioassays

ABSTRACT: The aqueous extract of Aristolochia triangularis leaves showed activity against Artemia salina larvae, with an LD50 of 370.6 µg/mL. In experiments with Allium cepa seeds, the extract caused a 51.26% reduction in the germination index, inhibited mean root growth, and was cytotoxic at concentrations of 668 and 2,000 µg/mL. Its antioxidant activity was additionally assessed in this research and the ferric reducing antioxidant power value was found to be 391.2 µM/g. Such health-beneficial property can be attributed partly to the total phenolic content, spectrophotometrically determined as 52.67 mg/g. The occurrence of cytotoxicity suggested caution when consuming teas from A. triangularis leaves for medicinal purposes, and equally reveals the need for further studies to investigate their adverse effects.

INFLUENCE OF THREE DIFFERENT CURVATURES FLEX-FOOT PROSTHESIS WHILE SINGLE-LEG STANDING OR RUNNING: A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS STUDY

Flex foot device was one of the most common prosthesis for the athletes with the transtibial amputation on the recent market. Thus, the results of investigation with biomechanics on the flex foot would be a considerable impact on the performance of disabled athletes wearing the flex foots. This study was designed to investigate the biomechanical condition of the flex foot prosthesis with different curvatures while standing and running by finite element analysis. This study demonstrated finite element models of flex foot established with three different curvatures 20[Formula: see text] (small bending), 35[Formula: see text] (medium bending) and 50[Formula: see text] (big bending). Besides, it simulates and investigates the condition of flex foot while a person is wearing it with single-leg standing or running. The evaluation indices were selected as von Mises stress and displacements at top of socket surface. The results show that the big-bending flex foot generated the higher stress and the larger deformed displacement. Without exceeding the material tolerance of the flex foot, the larger displacement of big-bending flex foot could generate more energy, which possessed larger resilient potential energy and enabled the athletes to have better performance after using the flex foot. As a result, due to its beneficial property of energy storage and return, the large-bending flex foot user could have better effect. In the future, more innovative designs of the flex foot prosthesis can be laid out with the reference of the result in this study.

Equilibrium Profile of Modern Belted Radial Ply Tires: Its Determination and Performance Benefits

ABSTRACT The benefits of a tire's equilibrium profile have been suggested by several authors in the published literature, and mathematical procedures were developed that represented well the behavior of bias ply tires. However, for modern belted radial ply tires, and particularly those with a lower aspect ratio, the tire constructions are much more complicated and pose new problems for a mathematical analysis. Solutions to these problems are presented in this paper, and for a modern radial touring tire the equilibrium profile was calculated together with the mold profile to produce such tires. Some construction modifications were then applied to these tires to render their profiles “nonequilibrium.” Finite element methods were used to analyze for stress concentrations and deformations within all tires that did or did not conform to equilibrium profiles. Finally, tires were built and tested to verify the predictions of these analyses. From the analysis of internal stresses and deformations on inflation and loading and from the actual tire tests, the superior durability of tires with an equilibrium profile was established, and hence it is concluded that an equilibrium profile is a beneficial property of modern belted radial ply tires.