Determination of Types and Characteristics of Laterite Soil as Basic Land for Building Construction

Laterite soil is red soil because it contains iron and aluminum. It is an old type of soil, so it is suitable for all plants. Laterite soils are located in the reservoir area of the Wonogiri Dam - Central Java. The nature of laterite soil that quickly absorbs water and the soil texture is strong and dense indicates the type of soil used for a mixture to make roads. This study aims to identify and characterize the lateritic soils to support the construction of roads that will be used. It is needed to test the soil’s property index, including moisture content test, density test, Atterberg limit, and grain sieve analysis. At the same time, it tested the classification of laterite soil characteristics using standards of USCS and AASHTO. To test the shear strength of the laterite soil is using Direct Shear. Based on the analysis, the laterite soil from sedimentation in Wonogiri dam is classified as poor and does not meet the requirements to be used as a subgrade in building construction. It can be considered include need to improve to carried out first.

Effects of Parent Coal Properties on the Pyrolytic Char Chemical Structure: Insights from Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Based on 32 Kinds of Chinese Coals

The chemical structures of pyrolytic chars prepared from 32 kinds of Chinese coals were investigated with micro-Raman spectroscopy in this study. Both first-order and second-order Raman spectra of the chars were curve-fitted and analyzed. The effects of the parent coal properties, including coal rank, volatile, fixed carbon, and ash content, on the pyrolytic char structures were detailed discussed and the correlations between these coal properties and pyrolytic char chemical structures were set up. Multiple-factor analysis was done to propose a comprehensive coal property index that relates well to the pyrolytic char chemical structure. The results indicate that the aromatization degree is the key distinguishable structure of pyrolytic chars prepared from coals with various rank, and the alkyl C−H and aryl C−H structures have no significant difference. The aromatization degree of pyrolytic char decreases with the increase of coal rank, while it increases with the increase of the fixed carbon content in parent coals. The high content of moisture in parent coal can induce condensation of the pyrolytic char, but the inorganic composition probably prevents the condensation of the char. Limited correlations between the coal rank, fixed carbon, moisture and ash content, and the aromatization degree of pyrolytic chars were found. A comprehensive coal property index: (fixed carbon content + moisture content)/(volatile content + ash content) (in air dry basis) combining the coal properties together relates well to the aromatization degree of pyrolytic char and can act as a good indicator for the pyrolytic char chemical structure. This study reveals the effects of the parent coal properties, including coal rank, fixed carbon, moisture, and ash content, on the pyrolytic char chemical structure, and provides a new comprehensive coal property index to predict the pyrolytic char chemical structure.

Evaluation of the Water Yield of Coal Roof Aquifers Based on the FDAHP-Entropy Method: A Case Study in the Donghuantuo Coal Mine, China

The water yield of coal seam roof aquifers is the key factor for evaluating and controlling water disasters in coal seam roofs. To evaluate the water yield of the sandstone aquifer in the roof of the Carboniferous-Permian Damiaozhuang Formation no. 8 coal seam in the Donghuantuo Mine, North China, seven main controlling factors affecting the water yield of sandstone aquifers are determined, including the permeability coefficient, consumption of drilling fluid, core recovery, aquifer thickness, brittle-plastic rock thickness ratio, fault scale index, and fault point density. Further, the fuzzy Delphi analytic hierarchy process (FDAHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of each main factor, respectively, and a combination weight model (CWM) is proposed based on the least square method to compose the comprehensive weights. Then, an improved water yield property index (IWYPI) model is established, and the water yield zoning map of sandstone aquifers is acquired. Engineering practice shows that the evaluation accuracy of the water yield property index (IWYPI) model based on the CWM is as high as 93.75%, which is 18.75% and 12.5% higher than that of the water yield property index (WYPI) model based on the FDAHP and EWM, respectively. The research results propose a novel method for evaluating the water yield of coal seam roof aquifers and can provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of water disasters in the no. 8 coal seam roof of the Donghuantuo Coal Mine.

Beneficial Ownership Chain And Its Evaluation Arrangement

This paper presents a beneficial ownership chain. Nowadays international environment, there is an intensification of the movement of financial flows, which is inextricably linked to the checks on persons of business owners by the Controlling Authorities. Applying an effective valuation methodology and the availability of interconnected databases on corporate ownership becomes the only way to ensure the prosperity of business law and the ultimate beneficiary. Authors of the article consider the theoretical foundations of the conceptual framework of the final beneficial owner, which is a key link in the chain of ownership. The specification of the beneficial ownership chain and the methodology for calculating the beneficial property index are explained, and it proves the existence or absence of the final beneficiary.

study on sedimentation characteristics of soft clay

There are large areas of soft clay distributed in coastal areas of China, which are often used as raw materials for hydraulic fill engineering in recent years, and its sedimentation characteristics have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the influence of initial water content on the sedimentation characteristics of soft clay is studied through the experiment. The results show that: (1) the sedimentation process of soft clay can be divided into two stages: sedimentation stage and self weight consolidation stage. The sedimentation stage has a short time, and the soil property index tends to be stable quickly; the self weight consolidation stage is very slow, and the soil property index almost has no change; (2) the larger the initial water content of soft clay, the greater the sedimentation rate and the faster the sedimentation; (3) the higher the initial water content, the faster the sedimentation, the higher the water content and the void ratio, the smaller the density.

PKM STRATEGI PENYUSUNAN DAN PENGAJUAN KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL

Intellectual Property for universities is very important, because it can strengthen accreditation, academic processes, community empowerment, and sources of information, as well as foster the pride of the college itself. To encourage increased intellectual property in tertiary institutions, active roles from various parties, namely lecturers and students are needed. During this time, from the results of research and community service produced by lecturers and students, the Biology Education Study Program which contains publications in the form of articles that are disseminated and published in scientific journals. Only a few are made as a result of Intellectual Property and their numbers are very few. For this reason, it is necessary to look for alternatives in the context of research downstreaming, and use research / community service for Intellectual Property to increase the intellectual property index of the Biology Education Study Program of FKIP Tanjungpura University. One alternative that can be done is through Community Service preparation of strategies and submissions of Intellectual Property. The method used is socialization and assistance. Study Strategies and mentoring for students of Biology Education Study Program FKIP Tanjungpura University. The activities carried out received positive responses from all participants who received benefits and some were interested in carrying out the proposed IP application independently.

Size-dependent natural frequencies of functionally graded plate with out of plane material inhomogeneity using Eringen’s theory of nonlocal elasticity

Nonlocal effect is one of the critical reasons which cause an extraordinary vibration response in small-scale structures. In the present work, vibration characteristics of functionally graded nonlocal plate are studied using Eringen’s nonlocal classical elasticity theory. A computationally efficient numerical method has been proposed in this study by reformulating the classical plate theory and Rayleigh–Ritz method using nonlocal differential relationship of Eringen’s theory in conjugation with algebraic polynomial displacement functions. The reformulated method helps to evaluate the natural frequencies of functionally graded nonlocal plates subjected to all possible combinations of edge conditions. The material properties are assumed to vary through the thickness of the plate following the power law. The computed results of natural frequencies are first tested for convergence and then validated with the published one. A parametric study has been thoroughly conducted focusing on the effects of aspect ratio, nonlocal parameter, material property index and Young’s modulus ratio on the natural frequency parameters of the functionally graded nonlocal plate. It has been observed that the material property index and aspect ratio affect the vibration behaviour of the functionally graded plate. The study also establishes that nonlocal effect has a pronounced influence on the higher modes of vibration of functionally graded plate. 3D mode shapes of functionally graded material nonlocal plate have also been reported.