THEME AND MORAL VALUES IN “CLOSER THAN VEINS” BY OUTLANDISH

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This research aims to examine the Theme and Moral Values in "Closer Than Veins" by Outlandish. It is a band that originated in Denmark with Hip hop/R&amp;B. The results of this study are to provide insight to readers about the contents of the songs, both themes and moral messages. This research is a qualitative research, where the Theme and Moral Values as independent variable while “Closer Than Veins" as dependent variable. 1). Themes are social problems 38%, moral implication 25%, Coming of age 25%, The complexity of human relationship 12%, The struggle for human dignity 6%, The truth of human nature 0%, A moral or philosophical riddle 0%. 2). Moral values are commitment to something greater than oneself 56%, while the other moral values are self-respect but humanity 25%, self-discipline and acceptance of personal responsibility 19%, respect and caring for others, caring for other living things and environment 0%.</p><p><strong>Key Words: </strong>Theme, Moral values, Song.<strong></strong></p>

The Probabilistic Logic of Eusebius Amort (1692-1775)

While classical sources including Aristotle, Cicero and Boëthius addressed different notions of probability, medieval contributions to probability (other than epistemic probability) seem rather scarce. The situation changes during the Second Scholasticism with the post-Tridentine debates on “probable opinion” in moral theology and the introduction of “moral necessity” and “moral implication” (tied to the ideas of frequency, stochastic processes, and propensity) in the debates on compatibilism and theological optimism. The eighteenth-century transformation of scholastic philosophy was marked, among other characteristics, by a gravitation towards the early modern scientific revolution. In his Philosophia Pollingana ad normam Burgundicae, the renowned moral theologian Eusebius Amort (1692-1775) addressed the basic issues of probabilistic logic from the philosophical, logical, and mathematical points of view in an attempt to synthesise earlier scholastic conceptual analyses of probability and probabilistic epistemic logic with the cutting-edge mathematical calculus introduced by Jacob Bernoulli.

The Scholastic Logic of Statistical Hypotheses

Among the important conceptual innovations introduced in the second scholasticism era and motivated by theological debates following the Council of Trent were the theories of moral necessity and moral implication. As they were centred upon a view of moral necessity as a form of necessity weaker than physical (and, ipso facto, metaphysical and logical) necessity, and moral implication as weaker than physical (and, ipso facto, metaphysical and logical) implication, some interpretations of moral necessity encouraged the logic of statistical hypotheses and probability. Three branches of this debate are studied in this paper: the explanation of moral necessity in terms of suppositio (Vega, Molina, Hurtado, Sforza Pallavicino), the confrontation over the interpretation of moral necessity (Quirós, Herrera), and the theory of statistical quantification (Elizalde, Terill, de Benedictis).

Aftereffects: The representation of the Holocaust, its universal moral implication and the transgenerational transformation of the trauma based on the Israeli documentary fim OY MAMA

Aftereffects: The representation of the Holocaust, its universal moral implication and the transgenerational transformation of the trauma based on the Israeli documentary fim OY MAMA

The Chicken Fallacy and the Ethics of Cruelty to Non-Human Animals

The ideological underpinning that guides our interaction with non-human animals needs revision. The traditional outlook, according to which humans have a higher moral status vis-à-vis non-human animals, is now otiose. If these claims are to be justified, what ideological framework would serve this end? What are the moral implications of endorsing the view that humans possess no higher moral status than non-human animals? This work takes as foundation Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, which affirms that humans emerged from the long chain of evolutionary history, where non-human animals have been the carriers of the genes that shaped humans. A revisit to the discourse on the moral implication of humans’ cruelty to their ancestors and neighbours becomes pertinent. This essay goes against the mainstream and dominant perspective that non-human animals exist to serve human ends and as such can be treated with disdain. The thesis of this paper goes beyond Peter Singer’s submission that sentience is the basis for conferring moral worth on non-human animals. It affirms that in addition to sentience, good neighbourliness is a factor in determining the moral worth of non-human animals. It submits that cruelty to reared and domesticated animals may produce violent and wild species of these animals’ kind in a future evolution, thereby endangering the lives of future human generation, through negative alteration of genes. In the end, this paper proposes the principle of biological altruism as a suitable norm for determining the moral worth of non-human animals.

The moral implications of Kierkegaard's analysis of despair

Kierkegaard's The Sickness unto Death famously characterizes despair as the sickness of any human being who does not live a life of faith. Kierkegaard supports this claim by providing a detailed analysis of despair in the first part of this essay. This analysis, I claim, presents the thesis that to be healed of despair is not only to maintain a correct relation to God but also to the world and, moreover, that the two relations are interdependent. Thus, in contrast to prominent readings of this essay, I claim that Kierkegaard's analysis of despair bears the important moral implication that a believer's relationship with other humans is indispensable to a life of faith.

Otentisitas Hadîth Mutawâtir dalam Teori Common Link G.H.A. Juynboll

Almost all Muslims agree that an authentic prophetic tradition (hadîth) is that which comes directly from the Prophet. A tradition such as this—like the Qur’ân—is reliable in terms of its chain of narration and message. Hence, it brings legal and moral implication for the Muslims to apply in their daily life. In the science of prophetic tradition, such tradition is called <em>darûrî</em>, literally means compulsory in the sense that it necessitates Muslims to comply. Different sort of view however, is being introduced by an orientalist named G.H.A. Juynboll. He comes up with an entirely different view concerning an authentic prophetic tradition both in terms of its category and definition. He reckons that there is no such thing as an authentic prophetic tradition. Every prophetic tradition is vague, and falls therefore under the category of being inauthentic. This paper is interested in dealing critically with this controversial view by giving particular attention to four main issues; the issue of definition, criteria, the number of narrators, and the rationale of a prophetic tradition to be deemed authentic.