Green May Be Nice, but Infrastructure Is Necessary

Green infrastructure is presented as a novel and innovative approach in the current environmental planning discourse, but how new is it really? An historical overview of planning ideas in both the urban and the rural contexts indicates that the concept, if not the term, “green infrastructure” has a very long and distinguished pedigree in the field of landscape and open space planning. To determine how far the concept is indeed new, definitions of green infrastructure from the literature are examined. While “green” has long been loosely used as a synonym for natural features and vegetation in the planning context, “infrastructure” is the part of the term which is really novel. Infrastructure is otherwise understood as being either “technical” or “social”, and the common features of these otherwise very different forms are considered in order to gain a better understanding of how they might also relate to a new interpretation of green infrastructure. A number of international case studies of different “green infrastructure” projects are then presented, again to better understand their common features and potential relationship to other infrastructure types. Finally, the necessity to consider green and blue areas together and to take them as seriously as other forms of infrastructure is emphasized. The developing climate and biodiversity crises underline the urgency of implementing a flexible and multifunctional green-blue infrastructure system. This must be carefully integrated into the existing fabric of both urban and rural landscapes and will require an appropriately resourced administration and management system, reflecting its beneficial impacts.

Green Open Space Planning in Improving the Quality of Space in the Mamuju Urban Area

The increase in regional demographics certainly affects the use of energy for transportation and households which will ultimately have implications for greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions in the region. This study focuses on the planning of green open space in the Mamuju Urban Area in order to minimize the effects of greenhouse gases so that the quality of space in the area is maintained. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research that explores the condition of green open space in the Mamuju Urban Area and takes into account the existing emission potential. The data analysis used is AHP (scoring and weighting) to determine the value and influence of each thematic, image digitization and field observations to determine the existing green open space in the Mamuju Urban Area, and overlay using the ArcGIS 10.8 application to combine maps that be a research indicator. The results obtained from this study are that the Mamuju Urban Area continues to grow from time to time, the distribution of existing green open space continues to decrease along with land use changes that continue to occur, and from the analysis of potential emissions, the largest green open space planning directive is private green open space planning with an area of 354, 14 Ha.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD APPROACH FOR OPEN SPACE PLANNING IN KUALA LUMPUR

This article attempts to discuss the implementation of standards approach, 2 hectares per 1000 population as approved by the National Physical Planning Council in 2005. Using Kuala Lumpur as case study, the analysis showed that the uniformity of standards approach implementation has failed to take into account the distinction within the local conditions which have implications on the level of achievement for the 6 planning zones in Kuala Lumpur from 2011 to 2017. Use of the standards approach without modifications has created high density zones such as the City Centre, Sentul-Manjalara and Wangsa Maju-Maluri failed to attain the standards. Besides, other zones namely Damansara-Penchala, Bandar Tun Razak-Sungai Besi and Bukit Jalil-Seputih have exceeded the targeted standards. Based on the analysis, the distinction of local condition for each zone in Kuala Lumpur in terms of population number, urban land availability, land value, urbanization process and densification rate of the city need to be considered in implementing standards approach.

Studi Komparasi Perencanaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Perkotaan Antara Jakarta dan Singapura

Green open space has functions ecologically, economically, and socially to improve the quality of urban life. Urban green space is one of the keys to sustainability. The purpose of this study was to analyze green open space planning in Jakarta and Singapore using a comparative study method. The study locations were chosen in Jakarta and Singapore because they are geographically located in Southeast Asia but have a vastly different area of ​​green open space. Singapore has the largest area of ​​green open space in the world, amounting to 47% of the total area and Jakarta only has a range of 5 to 10% because of the baseline of green open space that has not been officially set by the Government. Green open space planning in Jakarta has decreased from 1965 to the present due to the rapid development of residential and commercial areas. On the other hand, Singapore's success in increasing the area of ​​green space is due to its strong political policy in greening which is directly led by the Prime Minister and supported by all stakeholders. The vision of Singapore as a Garden City is clearly stated in the Green and Blue Master Plan and implemented in government programs. Cooperation between stakeholders in Singapore continues to make public awareness about successful greening. Jakarta needs a strong political policy to increase green open space by formulating a green open space Master Plan that is integrated with a network of roads, blue spaces, and increased cooperation between stakeholders.

High Quality Open Spaces in Urban Development — Selected Examples from Graz, Austria

Growing urbanization poses an enormous challenge to city planners. Noticeable effects of the increased population density in cities include housing shortages, rising real estate prices, increased traffic, air pollution, shortages of green spaces and attractive public spaces, the rising cost of urban infrastructure and the risk of social tensions. Especially in dense urban areas, public open spaces (squares and streets, urban parks and spacious recreational areas) have become increasing important. Their design, functionality and the adaption to the needs of the residents significantly influences the quality and atmosphere of urban coexistence. The consideration of quality criteria is essential for the creation of sustainable, livable and smart open spaces. Modern approaches to sustainable planning in urban areas and the versatile aspects of state-of-the-art open space design are the core themes of this article. General aspects of landscape planning in Austria and selected best practice projects in the context of urban development are presented.This article gives an overview of open space planning in Austria. To be successful, projects must consider the specific needs of city districts, which requires tailor-made approaches and an interdisciplinary planning team. To be accepted and adequately used by the public, projects must be based on a detailed analyses of the spatial, natural and social conditions.The complex and diverse challenges of open space planning in Austrian cities can be seen as representative for other cities, as certain urban trends occur (in slightly altered dimensions) all over Europe or on an even bigger scale. Selected best practice urban planning projects, which have been realized by freiland Environmental Consulting CE Ltd, based on state-of-the-art principles, demonstrate modern planning approaches to tackling these challenges.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN GREEN OPEN SPACE PLANNING IN DENPASAR CITY

This research is a response to the regional regulations high intensity violations phenomenon in governing the green open space in Denpasar City. The emergence of this phenomenon as a consequence of a regional regulation core, which is policy taken by the government as a result of synergy, compromise or even competition -in this research called as conflict- between ideas, theories, ideologies and interests. These various interests are the research’s main focus to aim the conflict of interest better understanding in open planning green space of Denpasar City, as part of public policy oriented to the relationship of the planning and development systems of the city. This research is designed using qualitative approach with interpretive method. Problems are examined through three elements of research, namely: (1) green open space in the context of spatial planning and formation; (2) interests involved in green open space planning; and (3) the influence of various interests on the existence of green open space. The findings of the study are that in the context of regional spatial planning, the emergence of violations phenomenon of regional regulations regarding green open spaces in the Denpasar City occurs because of three main conflicts, based on: (1) economic conflict; (2) political conflict; and (3) cultural conflicts. These three main conflicts then trigger the emergence of land use conflicts that threaten the existence of green open spaces in Denpasar City.

Socio-cultural Utilization of Open Spaces in the Traditional Residential Neighborhood of Ile-Ife, Nigeria

This study explores the socio-cultural uses of open spaces within and around buildings in the traditional residential neighborhood of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This is with a view to provide information that could guide open space planning and management in traditional residential environments. The data for this study were obtained through a questionnaire survey, direct observation, measurement of open spaces, and photographic recordings. It is established that open spaces played a number of crucial roles in the socio-cultural life of residents: they served as areas for social ceremonies, burying the dead, ancestral worship/rituals, family meetings, and reception of visitors. The important determinants of the uses of open spaces were traditions and cultural practices, the need for social interactions among neighbors and climatic condition. The study concluded that open spaces are settings where residents connect socially, culturally and spiritually in the traditional environment. It is therefore recommended that physical planners should endeavor to appreciate the socio-cultural values and needs of urban residents in open space planning, design, and management.