Tracking neural activity from the same cells during the entire adult life of mice

Recording the activity of the same neurons over the adult life of an animal is important to neuroscience research and biomedical applications. Current implantable devices cannot provide stable recording on this time scale. Here, we introduce a method to precisely implant nanoelectronics with an open, unfolded mesh structure across multiple brain regions in the mouse. The open mesh structure forms a stable interwoven structure with the neural network, preventing probe drifting and showing no immune response and neuron loss during the yearlong implantation. Using the implanted nanoelectronics, we can track single-unit action potentials from the same neurons over the entire adult life of mice. Leveraging the stable recordings, we build machine learning algorithms that enable automated spike sorting, noise rejection, stability validation, and generate pseudotime analysis, revealing aging-associated evolution of the single-neuron activities.

Use of Wi-Fi sensor network in measuring occupancy and people circulation in buildings

This research project investigated the potential in using a Wi‐Fi sensor network composed of Open Mesh sensor nodes to measure both localized and non‐localized occupants in the Architecture Building at Ryerson University with two different sensor node configurations. It also experimented with the use of Raspberry Pi, a low‐cost infrared motion sensor, as a people counter. The results show that the proposed sensor network is not capable of measuring non‐localized (transient) occupants due to their short duration of stay in the measurement area. The number of non‐localized occupants and their duration of stay can be more accurately measured by the people counter. As for localized (in one location for longer periods) occupants, the results find that while the proposed system cannot provide an accurate occupant count, it can produce a fairly accurate overall occupancy pattern under both perimeter node and single node configurations

Use of Wi-Fi sensor network in measuring occupancy and people circulation in buildings

This research project investigated the potential in using a Wi‐Fi sensor network composed of Open Mesh sensor nodes to measure both localized and non‐localized occupants in the Architecture Building at Ryerson University with two different sensor node configurations. It also experimented with the use of Raspberry Pi, a low‐cost infrared motion sensor, as a people counter. The results show that the proposed sensor network is not capable of measuring non‐localized (transient) occupants due to their short duration of stay in the measurement area. The number of non‐localized occupants and their duration of stay can be more accurately measured by the people counter. As for localized (in one location for longer periods) occupants, the results find that while the proposed system cannot provide an accurate occupant count, it can produce a fairly accurate overall occupancy pattern under both perimeter node and single node configurations

Implantable Thin Film Devices as Brain-Computer Interfaces: Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication Approaches

Remarkable progress has been made in the high resolution, biocompatibility, durability and stretchability for the implantable brain-computer interface (BCI) in the last decades. Due to the inevitable damage of brain tissue caused by traditional rigid devices, the thin film devices are developing rapidly and attracting considerable attention, with continuous progress in flexible materials and non-silicon micro/nano fabrication methods. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize the recent development of implantable thin film devices for acquiring brain information. This brief review subdivides the flexible thin film devices into the following four categories: planar, open-mesh, probe, and micro-wire layouts. In addition, an overview of the fabrication approaches is also presented. Traditional lithography and state-of-the-art processing methods are discussed for the key issue of high-resolution. Special substrates and interconnects are also highlighted with varied materials and fabrication routines. In conclusion, a discussion of the remaining obstacles and directions for future research is provided.

COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF NON-MESH VERSUS MESH REPAIR IN PRIMARY INGUINAL HERNIA

Background: The inguinal regions are one of the natural weak areas in the abdominal wall and are the most common site of herniation. Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed operations. Amis: The aim of this study is to compare open mesh and non-mesh suture repair of primary inguinal hernias with respect to clinical outcome which include postoperative pain, complications, time of return to work and recurrence. Matierial and methods: This prospective study of 102 cases of primary inguinal hernia repair was carried out at M.G.M. Medical College & L.S.K. Hospital, Kishanganj with the aim of comparing open mesh and non-mesh suture repair with respect to clinical outcome which included postoperative pain, complications time of return to work and recurrence. Result: In our study there were no specific criteria for allocation of the method of repair and of 102 patients 52 patients randomly underwent non-mesh repair and 50 patients underwent mesh repair. Conclusion: The use of prosthetic mesh allows tension-free repair of inguinal hernia and in theory better results. Our study proves the superiority of this method over non-mesh repair in the long term with regard to hernia recurrence; in addition, there were less complications and postoperative pain.

Inguinal abscess following Trans-abdominal Preperitoneal Mesh repair for inguinal hernia

Introduction: Laparoscopic hernia surgery is performed by almost every general and laparoscopic surgeon worldwide, Trans-abdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) being the most frequently performed. Seroma formation leading to deep seated mesh infection with abscess is rare but once it occurs it can be very difficult to treat. The rate of mesh infection after open mesh repair is reported to be between 0.5% - 3%, whereas in laparoscopic repair is less than 0.16%. Seroma formation following TAPP is 3%-8% and following TEP is 0.5-12.2%. Case Report: A 19 years old male presented with groin swelling, fever and weight loss three months after the laparoscopic TAPP surgery for right inguinal hernia. Workup showed he had developed mesh infection with pre-peritoneal abscess which was managed with open drainage of the abscess with removal of the infected mesh. Conclusion: Seroma formation may result in abscess formation. If occurred removal of the mesh with drainage of abscess is often required. The chance of recurrence of hernia following management of infected mesh should always be considered

Comparative study in healing process and complications inpatient undergoing ventral hernia mesh repair with and without the usage of collagen granules

Background: Ventral hernias are the second most common type of hernias accounting for 21 to 35% of all types of hernias. Collagen is defined as an endogenous substance that forms an important structural component in connective tissue. Collagen granules have an advantage with a reduction in inflammatory cells during healing resulting in decreased days of healing. This study is to compare the outcome of a patient with and without collagen granules usage during ventral hernia open mesh repair.Methods: This prospective comparative study was done in 50 cases of ventral hernias admitted to the department of surgery in VMKV Medical College, Salem between periods of March 2018 to October 2019 were chosen for the study. The test group was treated with collagen granules and the control group was collagen granules not been used during ventral hernia mesh repair.Results: Most common surgical approach used in ventral hernia is open mesh repair. The study shows a group of patients where collagen granules are used after mesh fixation has faster wound healing, reduced seroma, and hematoma collection, and reduced hospital stay, reduced infection compared to the group of patients who undergone non-collagen closure. Conclusions: The study shows a group of patients where collagen granules are used after mesh fixation has faster wound healing, reduced seroma, and hematoma collection, and reduced hospital stay, reduced infection compared to the group of patients who underwent non-collagen closure.