A novel predictive model for capturing threats for facilitating effective social distancing in COVID-19

Social distancing is one of the simple and effective shields for every individual to control spreading of virus in present scenario of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, existing application of social distancing is a basic model and it is also characterized by various pitfalls in case of dynamic monitoring of infected individual accurately. Review of existing literature shows that there has been various dedicated research attempt towards social distancing using available technologies, however, there are further scope of improvement too. This paper has introduced a novel framework which is capable of computing the level of threat with much higher degree of accuracy using distance and duration of stay as elementary parameters. Finally, the model can successfully classify the level of threats using deep learning. The study outcome shows that proposed system offers better predictive performance in contrast to other approaches.

OMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE TIME-BASED PARAMETERS OF COWS’ LACTATION PERFORMANCE WITH THE USE OF AN AUTOMATIC DEVICE

Проведена сравнительная оценка времени пребывания коров-первотелок в доильном боксе с минимальной, максимальной и средней продолжительностью молоковыведения из всех четвертей вымени высоко- и низкопродуктивных при доении на автоматической установке «Astronaut A». У высокопродуктивных животных по сравнению с низкопродуктивными установлено увеличение длительности исследуемых четырех периодов молоковыведения на 34,5—60,6%. Между изученными временными параметрами молоковыведения выявлена тесная взаимосвязь (r=0,69-0,98; P<0,001). Выведено уравнение регрессии между периодом доения, рассчитанного путем определения максимальной продолжительности выдаивания одной из четвертей вымени, и средней продолжительностью молоковыведения из всех четвертей вымени (r=0,96; P<0,001). Установлено, что доля технологических операций, не связанных с процессом молоковыведения, составляет 24,1—31,6% от длительности периода пребывания в доильном боксе. Показана возможность использования для оценки интенсивности молоковыведения на автоматической установке «Astronaut A4» наряду с продолжительностью пребывания коровы в доильном боксе показателей максимальной и минимальной продолжительности молоковыведения из одной четверти вымени, а также средней продолжительности молоковыведения из всех четвертей вымени у высоко- и низкопродуктивных коров. Comparative assessment of the time of stay of first-calf cows in a milking box with minimum, maximum, and average duration of milk production from all udder quarters with high and low productivity when milked using the Astronaut A automatic device was carried out. When compared to low-productive animals, high-productive ones showed the increase in duration of the studied milk production periods by 34.5—60.6%. Close relationship between the time-based parameters of milk production was established (r=0.69-0.98; P<0.001). Equation of regression between the milking period, calculated by determining the maximum milking duration of one of the four udder quarters, and the average duration of milk production from all four udder quarters (r=0.96; P<0.001) was derived. It was established that the share of technological operations not connected to milk production process amounts to 24.1—31.6% from the duration of stay in the milking box. The possibility for using the parameters of maximum and minimal duration of milk production from one of udder quarters, as well as the average duration of milk production from all four quarters of the udder in high- and low-productive cows along with the length of cow’s stay in the milking box for the evaluation of milk production intensity using the Astronaut A4 automatic device was shown.

Relationship between the Preoperative Albumin Levels and Postoperative Complications in Carcinoma Stomach Patients

Background: Malnutrition in gastrointestinal cancer patients adversely affects the surgical outcomes. low serum albumin and postoperative complications were associated with one another. Objectives: To find out the relationship between preoperative albumin levels and postoperative complications among carcinoma stomach patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a single institution retrospective study carried out in the department of general surgery, Saveetha medical college and hospital between February 2021 to July 2021. Fifty patients diagnosed with carcinoma stomach and electively posted for surgery during the study period were included into the study. The data was collected using structured proforma. Preoperative albumin and haemoglobin levels were estimated using blood samples. All the data collected were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: The preoperative albumin levels among those who had reported complication was 3.04±0.19 g/dl while those who had no complication in the postoperative period had preoperative albumin level of 3.82±0.31g/dl. The preoperative mean haemoglobin level among those who developed complications in the post operative period was 9.68±0.95 mg/dl and the mean haemoglobin level among those with no complication was 11.46±1.89 mg/dl. Albumin and haemoglobin values were found to be negatively correlated with duration of stay in hospital. Conclusion: Malnutrition in the preoperative period would increase the probability of occurrence of postoperative complications and increased duration of stay in hospital. Attending to malnutrition of the admitted patients in the preoperative period would help in decreasing the postoperative complications and duration of stay.

DRY-DOCKING TIME AND LABOUR

The duration of stay of a ship in a drydock depends on the scope of routine underwater (submerged portion of the ship’s hull) repairing works (dry-docking works only) to be carried out. More specifically, the repairing works that are affected by outside water. These are, mainly, hull cleaning, coating (blasting and painting), rudder, propeller, stern tube aft seal, hull anodes, ICCP, sea valves, sea chests, tunnel thruster(s), bottom plugs, underwater structural steel (bottom and shipside) and so on. These dry-docking works dictate ships’ dry-docking time (days) and labour (man-days). Then what about the deadweight, age and type? Do these have any impact on dry-docking time and labour? An attempt has been made in this article to examine if there exist any possible relationship between a ships’ dry-docking time and its labour, and deadweight, age and type. Dry-docking time and related information for 586 cargo ships and dry-docking labour and related information for 50 cargo ships of various deadweights, ages and types were collected from a single shipyard. These were analyzed and presented in both tabular and graphical forms to demonstrate the possible relationship between dry-docking time and labour, and deadweight, age and type of ships. Ships’ dry-docking time and labour are very vital for both the ship owner and the shipyard because various charges in drydock are many folds higher than that at quay- side. As such, the reduction in ships’ dry-docking time and labour contributes in saving for the ship owner and increases the earning for the shipyard. A proper estimation of ships’ dry-docking time and labour can achieve this. In order to do so, the past information/data about ships’ dry-docking time and labour may serve a practical guide to prepare an achievable time and labour planning for dry-docking works. In this article, the authors have attempted to identify the independent variables that influence ships’ dry-docking time and labour (dependent variables) and suggested their possible inter-relationships. The inter-relationships between the independent variables (deadweight, age and type) and dependent variables (time and labour) appear to be linear.

The Effect of Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation on Functional Outcomes and Discharge Disposition Following Liver Transplant

Background: Patients undergoing liver transplantation often face many challenges with functional independence, which acute rehabilitation can assist them in overcoming. Due to increased yearly liver transplantations, further investigation is required to evaluate the efficiency of acute rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy of acute rehabilitation in patients who underwent liver transplantation, primarily using Functional Independence Measure (FIMTM) scores and discharge disposition. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 143 encounters, consisting of 107 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Inclusion factors consisted of undergoing liver transplantation between January 2014–December 2018, admission into acute rehabilitation within 6 months post-transplant, and the availability of admission date, admission FIMTM, duration of stay, discharge FIMTM, and discharge disposition. These factors were evaluated in this study. Results: Patients who underwent acute rehabilitation following liver transplantation were found to have statistically significant positive FIMTM change (P < 0.00001) and FIMTM efficiency (P < 0.00001). The mean FIMTM change and efficiency were 25.4±18.5 and 2.0±1.6, respectively, for patients meeting inclusion criteria, and 35.7±11.8 and 2.4±1.0, respectively, when return to acute care (RTAC) encounters were excluded. A positive correlation was found between longer duration of stay in acute rehabilitation and positive FIMTM change for all patients meeting inclusion criteria (P < 0.00001, r = 0.465), and excluding RTAC encounters (P < 0.00001, r = 0.393). 34.3% (n = 49) of encounters had an RTAC, 3.5% (n = 5) were discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), and 62.2% (n = 89) were discharged to the community. Overall, 83.2% (n = 89) of patients ultimately had a community discharge. Infection, respiratory/CV complications, and gastrointestinal complications were the most common causes for RTAC. Conclusion: Acute rehabilitation provides patients who have received a liver transplant with the opportunity to significantly improve their function and independence.

Early full enteral feeding in very low birth weight babies on day one

Background: Nutrition in very low birth weight babies is most important factor in early improvement of neonate. It also decides duration of stay in intensive care unit. Objectives of the current study were to initiate required full enteral feed at the earliest and to know the outcome of such neonates.Methods: It is a hospital based retrospective study conducted from October 2019 to December 2019 in Gulbarga institute of medical sciences, Kalaburagi. 40 clinically stable VLBW neonates on day 1 started on enteral feeding are included in the study. Babies with birth weight more than 1.5 kgs or less than 1 kg, hemodynamically unstable at start of feeds are excluded from the study. Collected data is analysed by SPSS 17.Results: Total 40 VLBW babies were included in the study. Among them, 28 neonates tolerated feeds, were improved & discharged early with an average duration of stay of 16days with early birth weight gain by 14 days. 10 neonates had feed intolerance with signs of Necrotizing enterocolitis during course of treatment, were improved and discharged with an average duration of stay of 22 days. Mortality was seen in 2 neonates due to associated sepsis. Conclusions: Initiation of full enteral feeds in stable VLBW babies is effective mode for improvement, weight gain and early discharge from hospital.

AESTHETIC QUALITY OF ISLAND TOURISM IN MALAYSIA’S EAST COAST REGION: DOES DURATION OF STAY MATTER IN SATISFYING TOURISTS?

The East Coast islands of Malaysia are becoming increasingly popular as a world-class nature tourism destination. Not only are they naturally beautiful and accessible, they are also attractive and appear as a destination image. However, whether satisfaction based on the aesthetic quality of the island is sufficient in determining a tourist’s duration of stay is being questioned. This study, therefore, sets out two objectives to investigate the relationship between Aesthetic qualities and Tourist Satisfaction which are to investigate which aesthetic quality has a significant influence on tourist satisfaction of Malaysia’s East Coast islands and to determine whether the length of stay has a significant influence on tourist satisfaction of the East Coast islands of Malaysia. This study used both quantitative and cross-sectional methods to collect data. Then a Smart PLS-SEM analysis was used on the 150 responses; the 5000 replication of samples reveals that all aesthetic qualities contributed to tourist satisfaction. The ANOVA analysis, supported by the post hoc multiple comparison analysis among the groups, the Least Square Difference (i.e., LSD) Fisher’s Test, and Games-Howell Test, yielded intriguing results for the significant difference between the duration of stay groups on these islands. All aesthetic qualities, especially scenery, showed significant differences during a short stay. The findings would raise public awareness of the importance of sustaining the aesthetic quality of island tourism while also benefiting many stakeholders. There is also a need for more promotional efforts to extend the tourists’ duration of stay. However, generalisations of the results of this study are limited to responses given mainly from three main islands of Terengganu.

Post Anesthesia Care in Intensive Care Unit: A Review

The notion of inpatient treatment is possibly as ancient as medicine itself. It would have been sensible to place patients in such facilities such that those who were sicker were more visible to receive better care from the personnel. The first Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were established in Europe and around the world in the 1950, today intensive care units (ICUs) are a common sight in hospitals throughout the world. The PACU is designed to make some processes easier in order to provide better postoperative care. Invasive and noninvasive breathing, goal-directed hemodynamic control, invasive monitoring, and pain management are just a few of the options that can be provided. PACU helps reducing postoperative morbidity and consequently the duration of stay of patients.The costs of both establishing and operating a PACU are undeniable. however, by reducing postoperative morbidity and consequently the duration of stay of patients, overall expenses should be reduced. But with that being said many developing countries do not have the same luxury as developed ones when it come to having enough ICUs. That with other problems such as the differences in level of training and number of staff operating such units determine the overall result of health care process. In this article we will be discussingthe importance of PACU and various factors that affect it.

Effect of ROX Index on the Ventilator Free Days in High Flow Nasal Oxygen and Early Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Adult COVID -19 Patients

Background: High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is used as an alternative respiratory support in hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID -19. However the use of HFNO was associated with a lower risk of invasive mechanical ventilation and duration of stay in ICU. This study is aimed at comparing ventilator free days and duration of ICU stay between early mechanical ventilation and HFNO use in COVID -19 to predict the clinical outcome. Methods: We performed a unicentre prospective observational analytical study on subjects with respiratory failure due to COVID -19 comparing effect of ROX index on ventilator free days with use of HFNO therapy and mechanical ventilation on first day of intensive care unit admission. Each group had 20 subjects. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of ventilator free days between two groups. Standard statistical comparisons were used to compare the length of icu stay as secondary outcome. APACHE II and SOFA sores were compared and analysed between two groups. Results: 40 adult subjects critically ill due to COVID -19 were included in the study with 20 in each group. Subjects in HFNO group had higher ventilator free days than those were put on early mechanical ventilation with significant difference. Whereas the duration of icu stay was prolonged in HFNO group but there was no significant statistical difference. Conclusions: In this prospective study HFNO had better clinical outcome in terms of ventilator free days compared to early mechanical ventilation. Duration of stay in ICU had no difference. Key words: Ventilator free days, HFNO, number of days in ICU, ROX index, APACHE II, SOFA score.

Demographics and outcome of dogs and cats enrolled in the PetSafe program at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine: 2004–2019

OBJECTIVE To determine the number and species of animals cared for by the PetSafe program at the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine (a community service offered to meet the short-term housing needs of pets, especially pets owned by victims of intimate partner violence) from 2004 through 2019 and collect information on duration of stay, outcome, health problems, and expenses. ANIMALS 229 animals cared for by the PetSafe program. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for information on species, breed, age, duration of stay, outcome of stay, client referral source, whether the animal had been cared for previously, health problems, medical interventions, and expenses incurred. RESULTS There were 124 dogs, 95 cats, 6 ferrets, and 4 sugar gliders; 187 of the animals were returned to their owners, 37 were rehomed, and 5 were euthanized because of medical conditions. The most common health problems were dental disease and dermatological complaints (eg, flea infestation and resulting fleabite dermatitis). None of the animals had physical evidence of abuse. Mean duration of stay was 22 days (range, 1 to 93 days), and mean ± SD cost per animal was $368 ± $341. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Over the 16-year period of the study, the number and species of animals cared for by the PetSafe program at Purdue and the health problems encountered in those animals were relatively stable, and the program was able to meet the relatively predictable financial costs incurred through existing sources of funding.