Evaluation of the performance between post process kinematic and static technique in the forest environment

A GNSS involves a constellation of satellites orbiting Earth, continuously transmitting signals that enable users to determine their three-dimensional (3D) position with global coverage. The positioning principle is based on solving an elemental geometric problem, involving the distances (ranges) of a user to a set of at least 4-5 GNSS satellites with known coordinates. These ranges and satellite coordinates are determined by the user’s receiver using signals and navigation data transmitted by the satellites; the resulting user coordinates can be computed to an accuracy of several metres. However, centimetre-level positioning can be achieved using more advanced techniques (kinematic). GPS/GLONASS technique is becoming compulsory for many applications concerning forest management and inventory. This paper aims to comparing the coordinates resulted from Post Process Kinematic with the resulted coordinates for the same points resulted from static technique. Nonetheless, it appears that forest measurements with ± 1 cm accuracy cannot be guaranteed on all occasions, since difficult situations may lead to greater errors (about ±10 cm accuracy for horizontal components and about ± (20-100) cm accuracy for vertical components).

Static Technique of Facial Reanimation: Review of Literature

Facial palsy and its complications are quit catastrophic. It affects the structural, functional and emotional aspects of an individual. The primary management of facial palsy should be supportive with surgery being always the second choice. Surgical management of facial palsy is challenging for the surgeons and to the patients. In this article, various surgical aspects of management of facial palsy with special emphasis on static technique of reanimation is discussed. Static facial reanimation is easy to perform and also it can be addressed to all the facial zones. Salient features of all the variety of static reanimation like fascial sling, brow correction, eye lid weight placement are described.

A Fast Algorithm for Onboard Progressive Flooding Simulation

The need for decision support after a flooding casualty requires the development of fast and accurate progressive flooding simulation procedures. Here, a new quasi-static technique is presented, proposing a differential algebraic formulation capable to consider independently the flooding process in the internal rooms. The proposed method is efficient while simulating long flooding chains along rooms connected by similar size openings, a condition that likely occurs on large passenger ships. Moreover, the computational performances of the simulation procedure have been enhanced by adapting the time step to the progressive flooding pace. The adoption of an adaptive time step algorithm reduces significantly the calculation time. The novel procedure has been tested on the recommended benchmark cases for flooding simulations, highlighting the accuracy and flexibility of the proposed method.

Nanoprobing and EBAC for Improving Failure Analysis Success Rates on Sub-14nm Logic and SRAM

Nanoprobing, electrical probing (DC electrical measurement of semiconductors using nanoscale probes) on an electron microscopic scale, and EBAC, a high-resolution, static technique, can be used for isolating defects and improving failure analysis success rates on both logic and SRAM devices. This paper presents three case studies of subtle defects on a technology beyond 14nm that required nanoprobing.

OBIRCH for Isolating High and Low Resistance Test Structure Failures During Sub-14nm Technology Development

OBIRCH is a static technique for isolating both high and low resistance failures in test structures that continues to be relevant to sub 14nm technologies. While limited resolution is a factor as devices get smaller, an approximate location is adequate for finding obvious defects on sub 14nm technology structures. Its speed is what makes this technique appealing. If the approximate location isn’t good enough, a more time-consuming, higher-resolution technique can be employed. But the use of OBIRCH as a first isolation technique saves considerable time for a high volume FA lab if obvious defects cause the majority of failures. The seven case studies on sub 14nm technology are examples of obvious defects where OBIRCH had adequate resolution for isolation. The OBIRCH results for the first example are compared to the PVC (Passive Voltage Contrast) and EBAC (Electron-Beam Absorbed Current Imaging) findings to illustrate each technique’s strength and weakness.

EBAC for Isolating Partially-Localized FEOL Electrical Shorts on Test Structures during Sub-14 nm Technology Development

EBAC is a high-resolution, static technique that can be used for isolating electrical shorts, but it begins to fail for large, interconnected, test structures. In such cases, localization can be achieved when combined with optical localization techniques such as OBIRCH. This paper presents two case studies of subtle, FEOL shorts on a sub-14nm technology that required the resolution of EBAC

Solubility Determination of Tamarind Seeds Extracts by Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

In recent years, tamarind seeds extracts are used widely in food, pharmaceutical and textile industry due to unique functions as cooking oil, antibacterial and thickening agent. In this study, a simple static technique is used to obtain the solubility of tamarind seed in supercritical carbon dioxide because there is no study on that yet. The solubility measured is performed at temperatures and pressures ranging from 40oC, 60oC, 80oC and 3000psi, 5000psi and 7000psi respectively; resulting in mass fractions in the 6.00 x 10-8 to 5.84 x 10-7 range. The Chrastil model is used to correlate the experimental data. The oil yield extract in range of 0.0375 to 0.365g.