Negative energy states in the Reissner–Nordström metric

We consider electrogeodesics on which the energy [Formula: see text] in the Reissner–Nordström metric. It is shown that outside the horizon there is exactly one turning point inside the ergoregion for such particles. This entails that such a particle passes through an infinite chain of black–white hole regions or terminates in the singularity. These properties are relevant for two scenarios of high energy collisions in which the presence of white holes is essential.

Infinite Regress: Wolff’s Cosmology and the Background of Kant’s Antinomies

Wolff’s relation to Leibniz and Kant’s relation to both are notoriously vexed questions. First, this paper argues that Wolff’s most serious departure from Leibniz consists in his (so far overlooked) rejection of the latter’s infinitism. Second, it contends that the controversies that surrounded Wolff’s early acceptance of infinite causal regress and prompted his conversion to finitism played a prominent role in shaping the theses of Kant’s Antinomies. Whereas Leibniz and the early Wolff considered infinite regress to provide support for the contingency of the world and the existence of God, Wolff’s enemies condemned it as Spinozistic. After Wolff, the claim that an infinite chain of causes is impossible became the standard view among both Wolffian and anti-Wolffian metaphysicians.

Recoupling mechanism for exotic mesons and baryons

The infinite chain of transitions of one pair of mesons (channel I) into another pair of mesons (channel II) can produce bound states and resonances in both channels even if no interactions inside channels exist. These resonances which can occur also in meson-baryon channels are called channel-coupling (CC) resonances. A new mechanism of CC resonances is proposed where transitions occur due to a rearrangement of confining strings inside each channel — the recoupling mechanism. The amplitude of this recoupling mechanism is expressed via overlap integrals of the wave functions of participating mesons (baryons). The explicit calculation with the known wave functions yields the peak at E = 4.12 GeV for the transitions $$ J/\psi +\phi \leftrightarrow {D}_s^{\ast }+{\overline{D}}_s^{\ast } $$ J / ψ + ϕ ↔ D s ∗ + D ¯ s ∗ , which can be associated with χc1 (4140), and a narrow peak at 3.98 GeV with the width 10 MeV for the transitions $$ {D}_s^{-}+{D}_0^{\ast}\leftrightarrow J/\psi +{K}^{\ast -} $$ D s − + D 0 ∗ ↔ J / ψ + K ∗ − , which can be associated with th recently discovered Zcs (3985).

Insight into the formation of H-bonds propagating the monomeric zinc complexes of a tridentate reduced Schiff base to form an infinite chain

The formation of an infinite 1D assembly is governed by the H-bonding interactions in the solid state structure of the two zinc complexes. It has been analyzed energetically using DFT calculations and several computational tools.

Leibniz’s Inductive Challenge

Leibniz’s metaphysics is often interpreted as being based solely on reason, so that experience would not provide a true foundation but only an analogy to it. Against this reading, this article first recalls that, according to Leibniz, experiences are necessarily implied by the demonstrative nature of metaphysics, for they take the place of an infinite chain of demonstrative steps that we cannot explain. It then argues that what he calls the two “first experiences” – namely, that “I think” and “a variety of things are always thought by me” – play a decisive role in justifying the Monadology’s key propositions that “there are substances” and “there are composites”. Although Leibniz never uses the term induction in this context, this – often neglected – role of singular first-person experiences in the grasping of universal propositions constitutes a real inductive moment in his metaphysics.

Commented translation of Erwin Schrödinger’s paper ‘On the dynamics of elastically coupled point systems’ (Zur Dynamik elastisch gekoppelter Punktsysteme)

The paper ‘ Zur Dynamik elastisch gekoppelter Punktsysteme’ by Schrödinger (1914) does not seem to have attracted the attention that it deserves. We translate it into English here and we discuss its results in detail, with a view to its possible influence in the modern theories of generalised continua. The clever solution found, in terms of Bessel functions, by Schrödinger of the problem of the vibrations of a linear infinite chain of molecules gives some important methodological hints for contemporary research.

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRIPHENYLTIN (IV) FORMATE POLYMER, (HCO2SnPh3)n

The title polymer [HCO2Sn(C6H5)3]n was isolated by serendipitous from reaction in ethanol 96 % between bis-(monocyclohexyl ammonium) 2-carboxyethyl hydrogen phosphonate, {(CyNH3)2[CO2CH2CH2PO2(OH)]} and triphenyltin chloride, SnPh3Cl. The polymer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4, a = 14.7091 (18) Å, b = 15.4133 (19) Å, c = 14.7639 (18) Å, β = 94.242 (2)° and V = 3338.0 (7) Å3. The structure consists of an infinite chain propagating along the crystallographic a-axis direction with bidentate formate anions. The O2SnC3 core is organized into a trans-trigonal bipyramidal like-arrangement.

SYNTHESIS AND INFRARED STUDY OF SOME PHENYLPHOSPHONATE, DIPHENYLPHOSPHINATE AND ACETATOPHOSPHONATE NEW ORGANOTIN (IV) DERIVATIVES AND ADDUCTS

Three organotin (IV) derivatives PhPO3HSnBu2Cl, SnBu2Ph2PO2Cl×3/2H2O, Sn(PhPO3)Cl2×2H2O obtained on allowing PhPO3H2 or propylammonium PhPO3H to react with SnBu2Cl2, SnCl2×2H2O and two adducts [(C6H5CH2)2NH2]3O2C(CH2)2PO3×3SnPh3Cl, [CyNH3(HO2POCH2-N(CH2CO2H)2]2×3SnCl4.2H2O×NH4Cl obtained on allowing (C6H5CH2)NH2)3O2C(CH2)2PO3 or [CyNH3(HO2POCH2-N(CH2 CO2H)2]2 and SnPh3Cl or SnCl2×2H2O to react in ethanolic media have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and Mossbauer techniques. The suggested structures, while considering the anionic counterpart, are discrete, dimeric, double and triple metallic components or of infinite chain types, the anion behaving as a monochelating, a bichelating or a bidentate ligand. In OH containing structures, when extra hydrogen bonds are considered, supramolecular architectures may be obtained.