scholarly journals Experimental Discovery of the Particle Properties of Gravity and Gravitons by Theoretical Investigation of the Bent Point of Space Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Double Characteristic ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Fundamental Systems ◽  
Particle Characteristic ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Double Slit Experiment

As, it is known having more challenged on the wave or particle nature of light, from the theory of Newton to proof of its being wave by Huygens and also Young’s Double-slit experiment, more important ,Maxwell equations, all showed the nature of being wave of the light till Heinrich Hertz discovered photoelectric phenomenon and after that Einstein talked about the mathematic and quantum characteristics of this phenomenon, his explanations about this phenomenon showed failure of the characteristic of being wave of light in photoelectric explanation so double wave- particle characteristic failed in the scientific society. We all know that many of mass and energy fundamental systems have the same double characteristic of the light. The Photoelectric is the action of light and matter interactions that can prove the double light- particle nature because of inability of being wave principals of the light. Another one of the nature fundamental forces which many believed on its double wave- particle nature is gravity. In this essay we try to interpret the inability of wave nature of gravity in explanation of dark matter and we will see how the concept of invisible masses of the matter is the only action of the graviton interaction and proof of existence of constituent packs of gravity energy i.e. gravitons. Discovering this innovation is wonderful.

scholarly journals Particle Nature of Photons, Straight Diffraction Pattern and Curved Diffraction Pattern Emerging in Same Grating Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Double Slit Experiment ◽  
Slit Experiment ◽  
Double Slit

Abstract The particle nature of the photons was experimentally confirmed. The static straight line diffraction pattern of the normal grating experiments has been shown experimentally. The phenomenon of the dynamic curved diffraction pattern of the grating experiment have been shown in separate experiments. In this article, the new experiments are proposed and performed, which show that the particle nature of the photons, the static straight line diffraction patterns, and the dynamic curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns co-exist in the same grating experiment simultaneously. The novel phenomena make the Feynman’s mystery of the normal double slit experiment more mysterious, violate Bohr’s complementarity principle, and provide comprehensive information/data for studying the wave-particle duality and developing new theoretical model.

scholarly journals LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BOHR COMPLEMENTARITY PRINCIPLE IN AFSHAR'S EXPERIMENT UNDER THE NAFL INTERPRETATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 465-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
RADHAKRISHNAN SRINIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Logical Truth ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Complementarity Principle ◽  
Path Information ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Classical Path ◽  
Particle Nature

The NAFL (non-Aristotelian finitary logic) interpretation of quantum mechanics requires that no "physical" reality can be ascribed to the wave nature of the photon. The NAFL theory QM, formalizing quantum mechanics, treats the superposed state (S) of a single photon taking two or more different paths at the same time as a logical contradiction that is formally unprovable in QM. Nevertheless, in a nonclassical NAFL model for QM in which the law of noncontradiction fails, S has a meaningful metamathematical interpretation that the classical path information for the photon is not available. It is argued that the existence of an interference pattern does not logically amount to a proof of the self-interference of a single photon. This fact, when coupled with the temporal nature of NAFL truth, implies the logical validity of the retroactive assertion of the path information (and the logical superfluousness of the grid) in Afshar's experiment. The Bohr complementarity principle, when properly interpreted with the time dependence of logical truth taken into account, holds in Afshar's experiment. NAFL supports, but not demands, a metalogical reality for the particle nature of the photon even when the semantics of QM requires the state S.

scholarly journals Macroscopically entangled light fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung S. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Random Phase ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Light Fields ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Deterministic Control ◽  
Pair Generation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Phase Sensitive ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Quantum Feature

AbstractA novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a coupled Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from a coupled MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.

scholarly journals Experimental Demonstrations of Coherence de Broglie Waves Using Sub-Poisson Distributed Coherent Photon Pairs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kim ◽  
Byoung S. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Photon Pairs ◽  
De Broglie Waves ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Particle Nature

Abstract Recently, a new interpretation of quantum mechanics has been developed for the wave nature of a photon, where determinacy in quantum correlations becomes an inherent property without the violation of quantum mechanics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a direct proof of the wave natures of quantum correlation for the so-called coherence de Broglie waves (CBWs) using sub-Poisson distributed coherent photon pairs obtained from an attenuated laser. The observed experimental data coincides with the analytic solutions and the numerical calculations. Thus, the CBWs pave a road toward deterministic and macroscopic quantum technologies for such as quantum metrology, quantum sensing, and even quantum communications, that are otherwise heavily limited due to the microscopic non-determinacy of the particle nature-based quantum mechanics.

The Unification of Forces

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Alvaro De Rújula
Keyword(s):  
Solar Neutrinos ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Grand Unified Theory ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Weak Neutral Currents ◽  
Vector Bosons ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Intermediate Vector

The quest for a unified theory of all fundamental forces. Faraday’s unification of all “types” of electricity. Maxwell’s unification of electricity, magnetism and light. Heinrich Hertz, and radio waves. The unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions by Glashow, Weinberg, and Salam. “Weak neutral currents.” The discovery of the “Intermediate Vector Bosons.” The quest for a “Grand Unified Theory.” Proton decay. The core of the Sun. Serendipity, solar neutrinos, and the supernova SN1987A. Neutrino oscillations. What a “gauge theory” is.

Quantum Interference: Wave–Particle Duality

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
M. Suhail Zubairy
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Delayed Choice ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Double Slit Experiment ◽  
Slit Experiment ◽  
Double Slit

Young’s double-slit experiment played a crucial role in establishing the wave nature of light. In this chapter, the shocking result that incident electrons yield a similar interference pattern as that formed by light waves is described. It is shown that the only way the experimental results could be explained is via a wave function description of electrons. It is also shown that, in the same experiment, the interference fringes disappear if the which-path information becomes available. This is the essence of wave–particle duality. The first of the Einstein–Bohr debates on wave-particle duality and Bohr’s principle of complementarity in the double-slit experiment is also discussed. Also presented are the counterintuitive notions of delayed choice and quantum eraser effects showing how the availability or erasure of information generated in the future can affect how the data in the present can be interpreted.

scholarly journals A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiong Chen ◽  
Yaohao Deng ◽  
Shuheng Liu ◽  
Tanumoy Pramanik ◽  
Jun Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Delayed Choice ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Quantum Technology

AbstractBohr’s complementarity is one central tenet of quantum physics. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of quantum matters and photons has been tested in Young’s double-slit (double-path) interferometers. The object exclusively exhibits wave and particle nature, depending measurement apparatus that can be delayed chosen to rule out too-naive interpretations of quantum complementarity. All experiments to date have been implemented in the double-path framework, while it is of fundamental interest to study complementarity in multipath interferometric systems. Here, we demonstrate generalized multipath wave-particle duality in a quantum delayed-choice experiment, implemented by large-scale silicon-integrated multipath interferometers. Single-photon displays sophisticated transitions between wave and particle characters, determined by the choice of quantum-controlled generalized Hadamard operations. We characterise particle-nature by multimode which-path information and wave-nature by multipath coherence of interference, and demonstrate the generalisation of Bohr’s multipath duality relation. Our work provides deep insights into multidimensional quantum physics and benchmarks controllability of integrated photonic quantum technology.

scholarly journals Particle-wave duality: a dichotomy between symmetry and asymmetry

2011 ◽  
Vol 468 (2140) ◽  
pp. 1065-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Point Particle ◽  
Arbitrary Group ◽  
Interference Phenomenon ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Particle Nature ◽  
Classical Point

Symmetry plays a central role in many areas of modern physics. Here, we show that it also underpins the dual particle and wave nature of quantum systems. We begin by noting that a classical point particle breaks translational symmetry, whereas a wave with uniform amplitude does not. This provides a basis for associating particle nature with asymmetry and wave nature with symmetry. We derive expressions for the maximum amount of classical information we can have about the symmetry and asymmetry of a quantum system with respect to an arbitrary group. We find that the sum of the information about the symmetry (wave nature) and the asymmetry (particle nature) is bounded by , where D is the dimension of the Hilbert space. The combination of multiple systems is shown to exhibit greater symmetry and thus a more wavelike character. In particular, a class of entangled systems is shown to be capable of exhibiting wave-like symmetry as a whole while exhibiting particle-like asymmetry internally. We also show that superdense coding can be viewed as being essentially an interference phenomenon involving wave-like symmetry with respect to the group of Pauli operators.

scholarly journals Observations of On-Demand Quantum Correlation Using Poisson-Distributed Photon Pairs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangbae Kim ◽  
Byoung Ham
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Quantum Phenomena ◽  
Particle Nature

Abstract Complementarity or wave-particle duality has been the basis of quantum mechanics over the last century. Since the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiments in 1956, the particle nature of single photons has been intensively studied for various quantum phenomena such as anticorrelation and Bell inequality violation. Regarding the fundamental question on quantumness or nonclassicality, however, no clear answer exists for what quantum entanglement should be and how to generate it. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the secrete of quantumness using the wave nature of single photons.

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