Profiling Residents’ Mobility with Grid-Aggregated Mobile Phone Trace Data Using Chengdu as the Case

People’s movement trace harvested from mobile phone signals has become an important new data source for studying human behavior and related socioeconomic topics in social science. With growing concern about privacy leakage of big data, mobile phone data holders now tend to provide aggregate-level mobility data instead of individual-level data. However, most algorithms for measuring mobility are based on individual-level data—how the existing mobility algorithms can be properly transformed to apply on aggregate-level data remains undiscussed. This paper explores the transformation of individual data-based mobility metrics to fit with grid-aggregate data. Fifteen candidate metrics measuring five indicators of mobility are proposed and the most suitable one for each indicator is selected. Future research about aggregate-level mobility data may refer to our analysis to assist in the selection of suitable mobility metrics.

Development of a biomechanical model for dynamic occlusal stress analysis

The use of traditional finite element method (FEM) in occlusal stress analysis is limited due to the complexity of musculature simulation. The present purpose was to develop a displacement boundary condition (DBC)-FEM, which evaded the muscle factor, to predict the dynamic occlusal stress. The geometry of the DBC-FEM was developed based on the scanned plastic casts obtained from a volunteer. The electrognathographic and video recorded jaw positional messages were adopted to analyze the dynamic occlusal stress. The volunteer exhibited asymmetrical lateral movements, so that the occlusal stress was further analyzed by using the parameters obtained from the right-side eccentric movement, which was 6.9 mm long, in the stress task of the left-side eccentric movement, which was 4.1 mm long. Further, virtual occlusion modification was performed by using the carving tool software aiming to improve the occlusal morphology at the loading sites. T-Scan Occlusal System was used as a control of the in vivo detection for the location and strength of the occlusal contacts. Data obtained from the calculation using the present developed DBC-FEM indicated that the stress distribution on the dental surface changed dynamically with the occlusal contacts. Consistent with the T-Scan recordings, the right-side molars always showed contacts and higher levels of stress. Replacing the left-side eccentric movement trace by the right-side one enhanced the simulated stress on the right-side molars while modification of the right-side molars reduced the simulated stress. The present DBC-FEM offers a creative approach for pragmatic occlusion stress prediction.

A New Algorithm for the Characterization of Thermal Infrared Anomalies in Tectonic Activities

The monitoring of earthquake events is a very important and challenging task. Remote sensing technology has been found to strengthen the monitoring abilities of the Earth’s surface at a macroscopic scale. Therefore, it has proven to be very helpful in the exploration of some important anomalies, which cannot be seen in a small scope. Previously, thermal infrared (TIR) anomalies have been widely regarded as indications of early warnings for earthquake events. At the present time, some classic algorithms exist, which have been developed to extract TIR anomaly signals before the onset of large earthquakes. In this research study, with the aim of addressing some of the deficiencies of the classic algorithm, which is currently used for noise filtering during the process of extracting tectonic TIR anomalies signals, a novel TTIA (tectonic thermal infrared anomalies) algorithm was proposed to characterize earthquake TIR anomalies using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature dataset (MOD11A2). Then, for the purpose of determining the rule of the TIR anomalies prior to large earthquake events, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China was chosen as the study area. It is known that tectonic movements are very active in the study area, and major earthquakes often occur. The following conclusions were obtained from the experimental results of this study: (1) The TIR anomalies extracted using the proposed TTIA method showed a very obvious spatial distribution characteristic along the tectonic faults, which indicated that the proposed algorithm had distinctive advantages in removing or weakening the disturbances of the atectonic TIR anomalies signals; (2) The seismogenic zone was observed to be a more effective observation scale for assisting in the deeper understanding and investigations of the mid- and short-term seismogenic and crust stress change processes; (3) The movement trace of the centroids of the TIR anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau three years prior to earthquake events contributed to improved judgments of dangerous regions where major earthquakes may occur in the future.

Rapid Time-stamped Analysis of Filament Motility

The in vitro motility assay is a valuable tool to understand motor protein mechanics, but existing algorithms are not optimized for accurate time resolution. We propose an algorithm that combines trace detection with a time-stamped analysis. By tracking filament ends, we minimize data loss from overlapping and crossing filaments. A movement trace formed by each filament end is created by time-stamping when the filament either first (filament tip) or last (filament tail) occupies a pixel. A frame number vs distance curve is generated from this trace, which is segmented into regions by slope to detect stop-and-go movement. We show, using generated mock motility videos, accurate detection of velocity and motile fraction changes for velocities <0.05 pixels per frame, without manual trace dropping and regardless of filament crossings. Compared with established algorithms we show greatly improved accuracy in velocity and motile fraction estimation, with greatly reduced user effort. We tested two actual motility experiments: 1) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) added to skeletal myosin in rigor; 2) myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) added to phasic smooth muscle myosin. Our algorithm revealed previously undetectable features: 1) rapid increase in motile fraction paralleled by a slow increase in velocity as ATP concentration increases; 2) simultaneous reductions in velocity and motile fraction as MLCP diffuses into the motility chamber at very low velocities. Our algorithm surpasses existing algorithms in the resolution of time dependent changes in motile fraction and velocity at a wide range of filament lengths and velocities, with minimal user input and CPU time.

Focus association into copies and the scope of even

Nakanishi 2012 presents a novel argument for the so-called “scope theory” of English VP-even, based on examples with antecedent-contained deletion (ACD). Nakanishi’s argument is based on the assumption that even cannot associate with a focus which has moved out of its scope. I show that this assumption is incorrect, defusing Nakanishi’s argument. I propose that when even associates with a focus which has moved out of its scope, it actually associates with focused material in the lower copies of movement (trace positions). I show that a closer look at ACD examples of Nakanishi’s type in fact forms a new argument against the scope theory. I conclude that English VP-even must always be interpreted in its pronounced position. The patterns of focus association with even presented here constitute a new argument for the copy theory of movement.

Point Movement Trace Vs. The Range Of Mining Exploitation Effects In The Rock Mass

The geometric-integral theories of the rock mass point movements due to mining exploitation assume the relationship between the progress of subsidence and horizontal movement. By analysing the movement trace of a point located on the surface, and the influence of the mining exploitation in the rock mass, an equation describing the relationship between the main components of the deformation conditions was formulated. The result is consistent with the in situ observations and indicates the change of the rock mass component volume due to mining exploitation. The analyses and in situ observations demonstrate clearly that the continuity equation adopted in many solutions in the form: $\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{i = 3} {\varepsilon _{ii}= 0}$ is fundamentally incorrect.

The Influence and Simulation of Crank Shaft Length over Upper Knife Holder Trace of Rolling-Cut Bilateral Shear

Rolling-cut bilateral shear is a sort of auxiliary equipment with arc upper blade performing pure rolling over flat lower one. The working principle are characterized as up-and-down movement of upper blade by crank shaft, after the rotation caused by the phase difference between two shafts, which makes upper blade rotate to adapt to steel shearing with different thickness. Through analysis the processing of rolling-cut bilateral shear and make the shearing mechanism simplify 8-linkage, and then the kinetics formula of shearing mechanism was established. The relationship of crank shaft length of rolling-cut bilateral shear in shearing process and movement trace of upper blade (shearing overlapping) was obtained as well as the change rule of length of linkage over upper blade, which provides the theoretical support for the design of rolling-cut bilateral shear.