Point Movement Trace Vs. The Range Of Mining Exploitation Effects In The Rock Mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sroka ◽  
Stanisław Knothe ◽  
Krzysztof Tajduś ◽  
Rafał Misa
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Continuity Equation ◽  
Mass Point ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Movement Trace ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mass Component

Abstract The geometric-integral theories of the rock mass point movements due to mining exploitation assume the relationship between the progress of subsidence and horizontal movement. By analysing the movement trace of a point located on the surface, and the influence of the mining exploitation in the rock mass, an equation describing the relationship between the main components of the deformation conditions was formulated. The result is consistent with the in situ observations and indicates the change of the rock mass component volume due to mining exploitation. The analyses and in situ observations demonstrate clearly that the continuity equation adopted in many solutions in the form: $\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{i = 3} {\varepsilon _{ii}= 0}$ is fundamentally incorrect.

scholarly journals A new species of pygmy Paroctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): the smallest southwestern Atlantic octopod, found in sea debris

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Leite ◽  
Erica A.G. Vidal ◽  
Françoise Dantas Lima ◽  
Sergio M.Q. Lima ◽  
Ricardo M Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Habitat ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species

Abstract The new species, Paroctopus cthulu sp. nov. Leite, Haimovici, Lima and Lima, was recorded from very shallow coastal waters on sandy/muddy and shelter-poor bottoms with natural and human-origin debris. It is a small octopus, adults are less than 35 mm mantle length (ML) and weigh around 15 g. It has short to medium sized arms, enlarged suckers on the arms of both males and females, large posterior salivary glands (25 %ML), a relatively large beak (9 % ML) and medium to large mature eggs (3.5 to > 9 mm). The characteristics of hatchlings of two brooding females, some of their anatomical features, and in-situ observations of their behaviour are a clue to the life history of it and closely related pygmy octopuses. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that Paroctopus cthulu sp.nov. specimens grouped in a well-supported clade of Paroctopus species, separate from P.joubini and P. cf mercatoris from the Northwestern Atlantic . The description of this new species, living in a novel habitat of human debris in shallow water off Brazil, offered an opportunity not only to evaluate the relationship among the small octopuses of the western Atlantic, Caribbean and eastern Pacific, but also their adaptation to the Anthropocene period.

scholarly journals Role of Convective Precipitation in the Relationship between Subdaily Extreme Precipitation and Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (23) ◽  
pp. 9527-9537 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Hong Park ◽  
Seung-Ki Min
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Physical Effect ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
Convective Process ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Relationship

On a subdaily time scale, the intensities of extreme precipitation are observed to increase with temperature at a rate exceeding water vapor constraints determined by the Clausius–Clapeyron (C-C) relationship. This so-called super C-C scaling has been suggested to occur as a result of 1) the statistical effect that involves the transition of precipitation types from stratiform to convective events and 2) the physical effect by which the convective process itself can overcome the thermodynamic limitation. This study examines these two mechanisms for the super C-C relationship using in situ observations in South Korea for a recent 35-yr period, focusing on the role of convective rainfall. Scaling results show that hourly extreme precipitation undergoes a transition from a C-C rate to a super C-C rate at around 20°C, supporting the statistical effect. The transition temperature observed in South Korea is, however, much higher than in European regions (12°C), which seems to be due to the climatologically lower frequency of convective events in South Korea than in Europe. Nevertheless, the threshold fraction of convective precipitation when the scaling transition starts to occur is found to very similar between two regions, around 0.2, indicating the important role of convective events in shaping the scaling. On the other hand, convective extreme precipitation alone exhibits a super C-C scaling, suggesting that the physical effect is also at work in South Korea. Also, the scaling shows a robust peaklike shape with maximum precipitation intensity near 24°C, which is closely linked with moisture limitation at high temperature, supporting the previous findings.

scholarly journals Extreme heat events heighten soil respiration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Anjileli ◽  
Laurie S. Huning ◽  
Hamed Moftakhari ◽  
Samaneh Ashraf ◽  
Ata Akbari Asanjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Terrestrial Feedback ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heat Events

AbstractIn the wake of climate change, extreme events such as heatwaves are considered to be key players in the terrestrial biosphere. In the past decades, the frequency and severity of heatwaves have risen substantially, and they are projected to continue to intensify in the future. One key question is therefore: how do changes in extreme heatwaves affect the carbon cycle? Although soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest contributor to the carbon cycle, the impacts of heatwaves on Rs have not been fully understood. Using a unique set of continuous high frequency in-situ measurements from our field site, we characterize the relationship between Rs and heatwaves. We further compare the Rs response to heatwaves across ten additional sites spanning the contiguous United States (CONUS). Applying a probabilistic framework, we conclude that during heatwaves Rs rates increase significantly, on average, by ~ 26% relative to that of non-heatwave conditions over the CONUS. Since previous in-situ observations have not measured the Rs response to heatwaves (e.g., rate, amount) at the high frequency that we present here, the terrestrial feedback to the carbon cycle may be underestimated without capturing these high frequency extreme heatwave events.

scholarly journals Extreme event occurrences and impacts in coastal waters of western Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Poppeschi ◽  
Maximilian Unterberger ◽  
Guillaume Charria ◽  
Peggy Rimmelin-Maury ◽  
Eric Goberville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Extreme event occurrences and impacts in coastal waters of western Europe</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Coline Poppeschi<sup>1</sup>, Maximilian Unterberger<sup>1</sup>, Guillaume Charria<sup>1</sup>, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury<sup>2</sup>, Eric Goberville<sup>3</sup>, Nicolas Barrier<sup>5</sup>, Emilie Grossteffan<sup>2</sup>, Michel Repecaud<sup>6</sup>, Loïc Quemener<sup>6</sup>, Sébastien Theetten<sup>1</sup>, Sébastien Petton<sup>7</sup>, Jean-François Le Roux<sup>1</sup>, Paul Tréguer<sup>4</sup></p><p><sup> </sup></p><p><sup>1</sup> Ifremer, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29280 Brest, France.</p><p><sup>2 </sup>OSU-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), UMS3113, F-29280, Plouzané, France.</p><p><sup>3 </sup>Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UCN, UA, IRD, Paris, France.</p><p><sup>4 </sup>IUEM, UMR-CNRS 6539 Laboratoire de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), OSU IUEM, F-29280, Plouzané, France.</p><p><sup>5 </sup>MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ifremer, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), F-34203 Sète, France.</p><p><sup>6 </sup>Ifremer, Centre de Brest, REM/RDT/DCM, F-29280, Plouzané, France.</p><p><sup>7 </sup>Ifremer, Centre de Brest, RBE/PFOM/LPI, F-29840, Argenton en Landunvez, France.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>            The occurrence and the impact of the atmospheric extreme events in coastal waters of western Europe is evolving. Responses of the coastal environment to those events and evolutions need to be explored and explained. In this framework, the hydrodynamical and biogeochemical processes driven by extreme events in the bay of Brest are studied to better estimate their impacts on the local ecosystem. We are analyzing long-term in situ observations (since 2000), sampled at high and low frequencies, from the COAST-HF and SOMLIT network sites, located at the entrance to the bay of Brest. This study is divided into two main parts: the detection and characterization of extreme events, followed by the analysis of a realistic numerical simulation of these events to understand the underlying ocean processes. We focus on freshwater events during the winter months (December, January, February and March), considering the season with most of extreme event occurrence. The relationship between local extreme events and variability at larger scales, considering climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is detailed. A comparison between the low frequency data from the SOMLIT network and the high frequency data from the COAST-HF network is carried out, highlighting the potential of high frequency measurements for the detection of extreme events. A comparison between in situ data and two numerical simulations of different resolutions is also performed over salinity time series. The interannual variability of extreme event occurrences and features in a context of climate change is also discussed. The link between these extreme low salinity events and the winter nitrate levels in the bay of Brest is shown. Then, we investigate the relationship between extreme events and biology in the coastal environment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords </strong></p><p>In-situ observations, High and low frequency measurements, Extreme events, Numerical simulations, Bay of Brest, Weather regimes.</p>

scholarly journals Comets

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 762-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. A’Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wave Data ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Real Size ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Earth-based observations of comets far surpass the ability of in situ observations to understand the range of cometary properties and thus provide unique insight into the relationship between comets and the formation of the solar system. Recent developments in composition have emphasized near-IR and mm-wave data, although optical and ultraviolet data still play crucial roles. Observers now realize the importance of chemistry in the coma. Surveys of nuclear sizes are beginning to provide a real size distribution and we have recent examples of breakup that provide important information on structure.

Effect of Water Immersion on Interfacial Strength of a Metal/Epoxy Joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Yamazaki ◽  
Katsu Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
Interfacial Fracture Toughness ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Service Water ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Relationship

Metal/resin joints have been widely used for automotive, electrical device and others. The degradation of interfacial strength of the joints through the effects of moisture is one of the important deterioration mechanisms in their structure applications. In this study, the interfacial strength of an aluminum-alloy/epoxy-resin joint was evaluated by the indentation test using of the instrumented indentation machine developed by ourselves. The in-situ observations of delamination cracking were carried out during the indentation test. The interfacial fracture toughness of the joint was evaluated from the relationship between the indentation load and the crack length. The effect of immersion into service water on the evaluated interfacial strength of the joint was discussed.

scholarly journals Helicity of Magnetic Clouds and Their Associated Active Regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Robert J. Leamon ◽  
Richard C. Canfield ◽  
Sarah L. Jones ◽  
Keith Lambkin ◽  
Brian J. Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Regions ◽  
Magnetic Clouds ◽  
Order Unity ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Cylindrically Symmetric ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Axial Dimension ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMagnetic clouds are associated with many Coronal Mass Ejections. Many CMEs involve active regions. In this work we focus on the relationship between twelve magnetic clouds and their associated active regions. We use a cylindrically symmetric constant-a force-free model to derive field line twist, total current, and total magnetic flux from in situ observations of magnetic clouds. We compare these properties with those of the associated solar active regions, which we infer from solar vector magnetograms.Our comparison of fluxes and currents reveals: (1) the total (unsigned) flux ratios ФMC/ФAR tend to be of order unity; (2) the total flux ratios tend to be orders of magnitude larger than the total (unsigned) current ratios IMC/IAR; and (3) there is a statistically significant proportionality between them. Our key findings in comparing total twists αL, where L is the axial dimension of the system, are: (1) the values of (αL)MC are typically an order of magnitude greater than those of (αL)AR; and (2) there is no systematic sign or amplitude relationship between them. These findings compel us to believe that magnetic clouds associated with active region eruptions are formed by magnetic reconnection between these regions and their larger-scale surroundings, rather than pre-existing structures in the corona or chromosphere.

In situ observations of electromigration induced void behavior

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
T. Marieb ◽  
J. C. Bravman ◽  
P. Flinn ◽  
D. Gardner ◽  
M. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Void Nucleation ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Backscatter Electron Detector ◽  
Voltage Scanning

Electromigration and stress voiding have been active areas of research in the microelectronics industry for many years. While accelerated testing of these phenomena has been performed for the last 25 years[1-2], only recently has the introduction of high voltage scanning electron microscopy (HVSEM) made possible in situ testing of realistic, passivated, full thickness samples at high resolution.With a combination of in situ HVSEM and post-testing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) , electromigration void nucleation sites in both normal polycrystalline and near-bamboo pure Al were investigated. The effect of the microstructure of the lines on the void motion was also studied.The HVSEM used was a slightly modified JEOL 1200 EX II scanning TEM with a backscatter electron detector placed above the sample[3]. To observe electromigration in situ the sample was heated and the line had current supplied to it to accelerate the voiding process. After testing lines were prepared for TEM by employing the plan-view wedge technique [6].

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