Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction of Cerebral Hematoma Based on Deep Learning

Cerebral hemorrhage is a common clinical disease. Because of its rapid onset, high mortality and disability rate, in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, it is very important to accurately calculate the brain hematoma volume and feedback its location information in a short period of time. This paper proposes a method for precise segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction of cerebral hematoma area based on deep learning. This method highlights the image information by expanding the CT image and eliminating the skull information, then accurately segments the cerebral hematoma areathrough the neural network model to build a three-dimensional model. We verify the experimental results based on the data set collected by the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, which proves the effectiveness of this method and its ability to significantly improve the speed incerebral hemorrhage area judgment and grasp information in clinical diagnosis.

Non-traumatic epidural posterior fossa hematomas in child with Sensenbrenner syndrome: a case report and literature review

Background: Posterior fossa extradural hematomas are an uncommon condition with more than half of cases appearing in the pediatric population. Although the majority of cases are caused by substantial trauma, it may also be related to systemic diseases and bleeding disorders without the history of head trauma. Case report: We present the case of a 6-year-old female affected by Sensenbrenner syndrome with a non-traumatic subacute posterior fossa epidural hematoma. The patient was surgically treated and medically discharged without further neurological alteration. This is the first report of spontaneous cerebral hematoma associated with this syndrome in the literature. A literature review of the main aspects of both topics was performed. Conclusions: Although spontaneous posterior fossa epidural hematomas are rare, clinicians should be aware and highly suspicious of this differential diagnosis in certain situations such as coagulopathies and other specific systemic diseases, as fast recognition and assertive treatment are important for better outcomes.

ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITH CT SCAN

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue responsible for considerable mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine role of CT in TBI. 93 cases of traumatic head injury underwent CT scan obtained with Planmica CT machine. All CT images were read by trained radiologist for the presence, absence of brain abnormalities. Out of 93 cases, males were 50 and females were 43. Diagnosis was mass effect in 10, cerebral edema in 12, subdural hematoma in 24, extradural hematoma in 30, intra cerebral hematoma in 7 and intra ventricular hemorrhage in 6 cases. The difference was significant (P<0.05). CT scan found to be effective in assessment of brain injuries

Spinal and cerebral hematoma in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: is drug interaction the culprit?

Objectives Thrombotic events are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Warfarin is the most commonly used anticoagulant drug for thrombosis treatment, but it is can interact with many drugs, foods, or medicinal herbs. Herein, we presented a case with SLE and APS who was complicated by spinal and cerebral hematoma as a result of warfarin interaction. Case presentation Spinal subdural hematoma and frontal intraparenchymal hematoma were occurred in our patient, who was in remission for 2 years with rituximab, hydroxychloroquine and warfarin. We learned that she had been using some herbal products (shepherd’s purse and horsetail) and phenyramidol for a few days. Spinal and cerebral hematomas caused by the interaction of phenyramidol and warfarin were treated with fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K without the need for surgery. Conclusions The drug interactions with warfarin can cause fatal hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. Especially, the patients with SLE and/or APS using warfarin should be warned not to use different medications or herbal agents.

The risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage undergone hematoma puncture: what should we care

Background Intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage is very common in the department of neurosurgery, yet the relevant risks remain unknown. We attempted to analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma, to provide insights into the management of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma. Methods Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected, the related characteristics of intracranial infection and no infection patients were compared. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors for intracranial infection after puncture of cerebral hematoma. Results A total of 925 patients with puncture of cerebral hematoma were included. The incidence of postoperative intracranial infection was 7.03%. There were significant statistical differences between the infected group and the no infection group in the American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, length of hospital stay, consecutive operation, duration of surgery, extra-ventricular drainage (EVD) use (all p < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the duration of EVD between the infection and no infection groups (p = 0.002), and there was no significant difference in the frequency of EVD insertion between the two groups (p = 0.094). The length of hospital stay≥10 days (OR1.832, 1.062–3.158), consecutive operation (OR2.158, 1.358–3.430), duration of surgery≥4 h (OR1.581, 1.031–2.425), EVD use (OR1.694, 1.074–2.670), and duration of EVD ≥ 7 days (OR2.699, 1.689–4.311) were the risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after puncture of cerebral hematoma (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical medical workers should take corresponding preventive measures against the different risk factors for prevention of intracranial infection in patient with puncture of cerebral hematoma.

Intracranial CT Scan Findings in the Patients of Head Injury: An Early Experience at Dera Ghazi Khan Teaching Hospital 1. Borczukp. Predictors of intracranial injury in patients with mild head trauma. Ann Emery Med. 1995; 25: 731-736. 2. Jorge Merino-De v

Introduction: Head injury patients constitute a major number to any trauma emergency. Every head injury patient whose level of consciousness seems to alter, must be checked for brain injury. With the help of Computed Tomography (CT), Radiological evaluation has experienced a drastic change because it precisely explores the location and nature of lesion(s). Material and Methods: This study included 408 patients that were admitted to the emergency of Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan, from October 2017 to September 2019. In this study, the location as well as nature of lesions were evaluated with the help of CT. Results: CT results expressed that there was skull fracture (28.4%), extra dural hematoma (20.6%), diffuse intra cerebral hematoma (18.6%), brain contusions (18%), subdural hematoma (5.9%), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (4.4%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (2.5%) and pneumocranium (1.5%). It was also noted that the males having age group between 20 – 35 years were mostly involved in head trauma and the reason for this was a road accident. Conclusion: CT scan explained the location and nature of brain and skull lesions. Keywords: Computed Tomography (CT), Road Accident, Head Trauma.

¿Cómo influye el manejo anestésico en la aparición de sangrado intracraneal postoperatorio?

El anestesiólogo puede ayudar a prevenir la aparición de un hematoma cerebral postoperatorio. Una extubación suave, un manejo hemodinámico cuidadoso y una buena comunicación con el equipo quirúrgico son la clave para el éxito de las intervenciones neuroquirúrgicas. ABSTRACT The anesthesiologist can help to prevent the appearance of a postoperative cerebral hematoma. Gentle extubating, careful hemodynamic management and good communication with the surgical team are the keys to the success of neurosurgical interventions.