scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY WITH CT SCAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-04
Author(s):  
Mahboobul Haque ◽  
Nazim Naseer ◽  
Moinuddin Khan Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Determine Role ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cerebral Hematoma

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue responsible for considerable mortality and long-term morbidity worldwide. The present study was conducted to determine role of CT in TBI. 93 cases of traumatic head injury underwent CT scan obtained with Planmica CT machine. All CT images were read by trained radiologist for the presence, absence of brain abnormalities. Out of 93 cases, males were 50 and females were 43. Diagnosis was mass effect in 10, cerebral edema in 12, subdural hematoma in 24, extradural hematoma in 30, intra cerebral hematoma in 7 and intra ventricular hemorrhage in 6 cases. The difference was significant (P<0.05). CT scan found to be effective in assessment of brain injuries

scholarly journals Six-year analysis of traumatic injuries of the craniomaxillofacial area: relation between maxillofacial and traumatic brain injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
E. Shuminsky ◽  
◽  
A. Kopchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Maxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Panfacial Fractures

Summary. Craniofacial trauma is one of the most difficult types of injuries. There is disagreement among various authors about the relationship between maxillofacial trauma (MFT) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Purpose. Retrospectively evaluate the epidemiology of traumatic injuries of the craniomaxillofacial area and determine whether there is a relationship between different isolated or combined fractures of the facial bones and brain damage. Materials and methods. The case histories of three groups of patients with isolated fractures of the mandible (I group), isolated fractures of the midface zone (II group) and combined fractures of all areas of the face (III group), who were hospitalized in the period from 2012 to 2017, were analyzed. The main epidemiological indicators were determined. The analysis of indicators of severity of MFT and TBI is carried out. Correlation analysis of indicators, analysis using the Kruskal- Wallis test and Steel-Dwass test for pairwise comparisons was performed. Results. Were treated519 patients. 457 men (88 %) and 62 women (12 %). The main causes of injuries were assaults (40 %). Correlation analysis did not reveal the dependence of MFT and TBI. The difference in severity of isolated fractures of the mandible and midface bones was statistically significant, and there is a statistical significance between the severity of TBI in case of isolated fractures of midface bones and panfacial fractures (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The severity of maxillofacial trauma in the case of panfacial fractures is on average 3 times higher than in the case of isolated fractures of the lower jaw or midface bones. The severity of TBI is largely consistent with concussion in all groups, but in the group with panfacial fractures, the median rate is lower comparing to other groups. Key words: Glasgow coma scale, fracture, Le Fort, traumatic brain injury

scholarly journals P048: Current practices of management for mild traumatic brain injuries with intracranial hemorrhage

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S80
Author(s):  
É. Fortier ◽  
V. Paquet ◽  
M. Émond ◽  
J. Chauny ◽  
S. Hegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Public Sector Health

Introduction: The radiological and clinical follow-up of patients with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is often heterogeneous, as there is no official guideline for CT scan control. Furthermore, public sector health expenditure has increased significantly as the number of MRI and CT scan almost doubled in Canada in the last decade. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to describe the current management practices of mTBI patients with intracranial hemorrhage at two level-1 trauma centers. Methods: Design: An historical cohort was created at the CHU de Québec – Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus (Québec City) and Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur (Montréal). Consecutive medical records were reviewed from the end of 2017 backwards until sample saturation using a standardized checklist. Participants: mTBI patients aged ⩾16 with an ICH were included. Measures: The main and secondary outcomes were the presence of a control CT scan and neurosurgical consultation/admission. Analyses: Univariate descriptive analyses were performed. Inter-observer measures were calculated. Results: Two hundred seventy-four patients were included, of which 51.1% (n = 140) came from a transfer. Mean age was 60.8 and 68.9% (n = 188) were men. Repeat CT scan was performed in 73.6% (n = 201) of our patients as 12.5% showed a clinical deterioration. The following factors might have influenced clinician decision to proceed to a repeat scan: anticoagulation (association of 87.1% with scanning; n = 27), antiplatelet (84.1%; 58), GCS of 13 (94.1%; 16), GCS of 14 (75%; 72) and GCS of 15 (70.2%; 111). 93.0% (n = 254) of patients had a neurosurgical consultation and only 6.7% (17) underwent a neurosurgical intervention. Conclusion: The management of mild traumatic brain injury with hemorrhage uses a lot of resources that might be disproportionate with regards to risks. Further research to identify predictive factors of deterioration is needed.

CT Evaluation of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Traumatic Brain Injury and its Correlation with Rotterdam CT Scoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Mahesh Gautam ◽  
Prakash Kafle ◽  
Manish Raj Pathak ◽  
Ganesh Devkota ◽  
Nawaraj Ranabhat
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Introduction: Elevated intracranial pressure is one of the fatal events associated with traumatic brain injury. Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement is an indirect way of assessing intracranial pressure. Optic nerve sheath diameter and Rotterdam score are prognosticators of traumatic brain injury. This study aimed to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter in the initial CT scan and correlate with the Rotterdam score.Methods: Retrospective analytical study comprising consecutive patients from July 2019 to December 2019 who underwent decompressive craniotomy for traumatic brain injuries were included. Optic nerve sheath diameter was measured 3mm behind the eyeball in axial images and Rotterdam CT Score was done on the same CT image in another setting. The receiver operating characteristics curve was plotted to measure the accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter in predicting the severity of traumatic brain injury.Results: Sixty patients with a mean age of 42.5±14.6years were included. The mean optic nerve sheath diameter with Rotterdam Score of 1, 2 and 3 was 3.8±0.64mm and with Rotterdam Score of 4, 5 and 6 was 5.1±0.66mm. The area under the curve of severe Rotterdam CT Score vs optic nerve sheath diameter was 0.915 (p<0.0001, 95% CI 0.84-0.98) and spearman Rho correlation coefficient value was 0.83 suggesting positive relation.Conclusion: Higher mean optic nerve sheath diameter was observed with a severe Rotterdam CT score. Thus, optic nerve sheath diameter of initial CT scan in traumatic brain injury cases could be an important radiological tool to rule out the presence of raised intracranial pressure.

In Situ Hinge Craniectomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS-255-ONS-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Ko ◽  
Scott Segan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Bone Flap ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Refrigeration Storage ◽  
Minor Procedure

Abstract Objective: To describe an optional method for performing decompressive craniectomy using in situ hinge craniectomy technique in patients with traumatic brain injury and stroke. Methods: Sixteen patients underwent surgery for treatment of presenting pathology followed by the placement of hinge craniectomy. The technique is detailed. Results: Six patients with traumatic head injury and 10 with stroke underwent treatment of their primary pathologies with subsequent hinge craniectomy. Of these patients, more than half underwent refixation of the hinge in a minor procedure after recovery. No patient had complications related to this technique and none required further cranial decompression. In patients with intracranial pressure monitoring, all displayed values in the normal range. Conclusion: In this limited study, in situ hinge craniectomy proved useful in the treatment of patients experiencing stroke or traumatic brain injury. This procedure has the potential to eliminate the additional second incision to explant the bone flap or the refrigeration storage of the bone flap. Also, the second operation to restore the cranial contour by reimplanting the bone flap or by the creation of a cranioplasty with artificial material would not be necessary.

scholarly journals Application and Limitations of Hypothermia Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury(Traumatic Head Injury Update)

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 873-879
Author(s):  
Eiichi Suehiro ◽  
Hirosuke Fujisawa ◽  
Hiroyasu Koizumi ◽  
Hiroshi Yoneda ◽  
Hideyuki Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Traumatic Head

scholarly journals AMBARAN FUNGSI MEMORI PADA PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA TRAUMATIK DERAJAT SEDANG DENGAN EDEMA SEREBRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Suherman Suherman ◽  
Ipak Nistriana ◽  
Muhammad Rizky
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstrak. Latar Belakang Cedera kepala traumatik masih menjadi penyebab utama kecacatan dan kematian di dunia. Sebagian besar terjadi pada usia produktif. Efek sekunder dari cedera kepala adalah gangguan fungsi kognitif berupa fungsi memori, visuospasial, perhatian dan konsentrasi, bahasa, kalkulasi, dan orientasi. Masih sedikitnya penelitian tentang penilaian fungsi memori pada pasien cedera kepala di Indonesia. Tujuan Memaparkan gambaran penurunan fungsi kognitif terutama fungsi memori pada pasien cedera kepala derajat sedang dengan edema serebri.Metode Studi deskriptif dengan desain potong-lintang menggunakan kuesioner MMSE dan MoCA-INA sebagai modalitas penilaian.Hasil Dari 30 pasien cedera kepala traumatik derajat sedang didapatkan rerata skor MMSE adalah 27.1±2.13 (interval 20-29). Rerata skor MoCA-INA adalah 24.4±2.99 (interval 16-28). Kedua skor menunjukkan bahwa MoCA-INA memiliki rerata yang lebih rendah dan rentang skor yang lebih luas. Domain yang paling banyak terganggu adalah fungsi memori recall (98%)Kesimpulan Secara keseluruhan pasien dengan cedera kepala traumatik dengan edema serebri mengalami gangguan fungsi memori terutama area memori eksplisit berupa fungsi recall. Tatalaksana kuratif dan rehabilitatif secara adekuat dan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhanKata Kunci Cedera Kepala Traumatik Derajat Sedang, Fungsi Memori, MMSE, MoCA-INAAbstract. Background Traumatic brain injury is still a major cause of disability and death. Most occur in productive age. Secondary effects of brain injury are impaired cognitive function in the form of memory, visuospatial, attention and concentration, language, calculation, and orientation. There are few research on the assessment of memory function in brain injury patients in Indonesia.Purpose To describes the decreasing cognitive function, particularly memory function in patients with moderate brain injury with cerebral edema.Method Descriptive study with cross-sectional design using MMSE and MoCA-INA questionnaires as assessment modalities.Results Of the 30 patients with moderate-grade traumatic head injury, the mean MMSE score was 27.1 ± 2.13 (intervals 20-29). The average MoCA-INA score is 24.4 ± 2.99 (intervals 16-28). Both scores indicate that the MoCA-INA has a lower mean and a wider score range. The most disturbed domain is recall memory function (96%)Conclusion Overall patients with traumatic brain injury with cerebral edema experience impaired memory function, especially the area of explicit memory in the form of recall function. Adequate and sustainable curative and rehabilitative management is needed to accelerate the healing process Keywords Traumatic Head Injury Moderate Level, Memory Function, MMSE, MoCA-INA 

scholarly journals Correlation between neutrophil lymphocyte count ratio and outcomes of severe traumatic head injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tamajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Subir Dey
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Traumatic Head

Background: Raised peripheral neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is associated with poorer outcomes in conditions such as severe brain injury, ICH, cardiovascular conditions, cancer.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 96 severe Traumatic Brain injury data treated at our institute over a period of 1 year. The patients were followed up for a period of at least 1 month. The primary outcome of the study was 1 month GOS and the various variables which may be associated with the poor GOS at 1 month follow up. Model based analysis was done for NLCR <24 hrs at 48 hrs and GCS at the time of presentation and discriminative ability of the models were studied by the Area under the curve.Results: Univariate analysis were done of 96 patients of severe traumatic brain injury for various variables such as age, sex, mode of head injury, type of head injury, presenting GCS and NLCR at 24 hrs and 48 hrs to that of GOS at 1 month follow up. Initial GCS <7 (p=0.0138) with AUC=0.6689 and peak NLCR (<24 hr) of > 9.6 (AUC=0.931) with a p value of <0.001 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 79.27% and peak NLCR (48 hrs) of >12.4 (AUC= 0.973) with a p value of <0.001 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.02% were associated with unfavourable outcome.Conclusions: High NLCR and initial poor GCS are independent unfavourable prognostic factors in 1 month GOS following severe traumatic head injury.

scholarly journals Outcome of traumatic head injury in unknown patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Ankit Ahuja ◽  
Siddhartha Verma ◽  
Aditya Narayan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death in trauma victims accounting for about half of deaths at the accident site. Most commonly, traumatic brain injury occurs in the presence of additional injuries to other major organ systems, but it can also occur in isolation. Complications from closed head injuries are the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who reach the hospital alive. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of traumatic head injury in patients admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery as unknown.Methods: All patients admitted as “unknown” to Neurosurgery department with traumatic head injury were studied retrospectively. Data was collected regarding demography, mode of injury, clinical presentation at the time of admission, management and outcome of these patients.Results: Data pertaining to 107 unknown patients were collected. Most patients were found to be males in 3rd decade of their lives with vehicular accidents as the common mode of injury. Patients presenting with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score <8 at the time of admission had poor outcome and associated with higher mortality. Intra-cranial hemorrhage were predominantly found on CT scan. Only one-third of the patients were discharged after treatment while half of them suffered untimely death.Conclusions: Outcome of these neglected patients is poorer in comparison to patients who are accompanied by their relatives. Their management from pre-hospital to treatment and discharge from hospital is fraught with challenges. They need special care from trained nursing staff as well as help from social workers for recovery and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Head Injury in a Tertiary Care Center in Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K. Myl Kumaran ◽  
Pragadeesh Raja ◽  
M. Jasmine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traumatic Head

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem in India. The severity of a traumatic brain injury may range from mild to severe. The increase in economic growth in India coupled with rise in population, motorization and industrialization has contributed to a significant increase in TBI with each advancing year. India having the highest rate of head injury in the world. In India more than 100000 lives are lost every year with over 1 million suffering from serious head injury. Objectives: To assess the risk factors among for head injury cases and assess the outcome of the traumatic brain injury patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional Study conducted among all patients with traumatic head injury attending tertiary care centre and those admitted in intensive care unit with the history of traumatic head injury for the duration of one year (August 2016 to July 2017). Data was collected through questionnaire, hospital records and collected from patients. Data Collected was entered in MS office excel and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: Totally 295 cases were reported with history of traumatic brain injury, out of which 82.7% were males and 17.3% were females. Road traffic accidents was the most common cause for TBI 86.4%. Most of the patient was between the age group of 21-40 (51.5%). Most of the cases were from rural areas 55.3%. Based on GCS 49.5%, 28.5% and 22.0% patients had mild, moderate and severe injury respectively. 44.7% injuries occurred between the time period 04.00PM to 12.00AM. Conclusion: This study revealed that most traumatic head injury occur due to Road traffic accident stressing the urgent need to create awareness and conduct health education about prevention of traumatic head injury.

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