Systematic Literature Review: Efektivitas Ekstrak Kopi sebagai Antioksidan dalam Mengatasi Photoaging

Aging of the skin due to exposure of UV rays is referred as photoaging. Photoaging causes dry skin, wrinkles, darker skin pigmentation, and reduced skin firmness. The effect of photoaging can be treated by compounds that have antioxidant activity. Coffee contains polyphenols (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid) which can inhibit the formation of ROS free radicals. This makes coffee an antioxidant potential in photoaging treatment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of coffee extract as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Harzing's Publish or Perish application on several databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Crossref using the keywords "coffee AND antioxidant AND ultraviolet AND photoaging". The article selection flow used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol. The total search results were 1202 articles, and there were 6 research articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set. The results of this study concluded that coffee extract can be used as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment. The effectiveness of coffee extract as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment was demonstrated by reducing the expression of MMPs, increasing the expression of type 1 procollage, reducing the area of wrinkles, and reducing TEWL. Coffee leaf extract decreased the expression of MMPs (MMP-1 ¯ 50%, MMP-3 ¯ 10% to 60%, MMP-9 ¯ 30% to 50%) and increased type 1 procollagen 60%. Coffee bean extract decreased the expression of MMPs (MMP-1 ¯ 5% to 60%, MMP-2 ¯ 20% to 60%, MMP-3 ¯ 30%, MMP-9 ¯ 20% to 70%, MMP-13 ¯ 30% to 45%), increased type 1 procollagen 10% to 60%, reduced wrinkle area 20% to 88%, and decreased TEWL 10% to 20%.

Ceriporia lacerata Mycelium Culture Medium as a Novel Anti-Aging Microbial Material for Cosmeceutical Application

Skincare is very critical in preventing aging and skin trouble, which is difficult to recover if progressed. However, the development of effective anti-aging solutions is still on the horizon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional efficacy of Ceriporia lacerata exo-pharmaceutical substance (CLEPS) in view of its use in innovative skin care cosmetics. CLEPS was found to have no cytotoxicity against normal human dermal fibroblasts and B16 melanoma cells in a wide concentration range of 0.05–7 mg/mL. It exhibited a whitening effect by inhibiting melanin synthesis comparable to that of the respective reference compound (arbutin). Notably, CLEPS not only substantially increased collagen (65.4%) and filaggrin synthesis (36%), but also significantly inhibited the activity of collagenase (93.4%), suggesting that CLEPS could prevent skin barrier damage or skin wrinkles. In addition, it showed an excellent anti-inflammatory effect and wound-healing effect. Overall, CLEPS exhibited exceptional anti-aging effects in human skin cells, designating as a potential natural cosmeceutical ingredient.

Comparative Study between Intense Pulsed Light and Fractional CO2 Laser in the Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles

Background The periorbital region is one of the areas showing the earliest signs of aging and is especially prone to skin wrinkles and discoloration. Both fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) have been evaluated in treatment of periorbital wrinkles. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser and IPL in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles. Patients and Methods The present study is a prospective comparative split face study which included 20 adult female patients with mild to moderate periorbital wrinkles. Their age ranged from 30 to 40 years. Each patient received four treatment sessions with three weeks intervals on each side of the periorbital region, one with IPL and one with fractional CO2 laser. Evaluation was done before each treatment session and two months after last session with ordinary photographs and by wrinkles indentation index as calculated by the Antera 3D camera. Results There was a highly statistically difference between the mean percentage of improvement of the wrinkles indentation index by fractional CO2 laser as compared to IPL. Conclusion Both IPL and fractional CO2 laser are promising effective modalities of treatment of periorbital wrinkles which are easy and safe to use. However, fractional CO2 laser is more effective and leads to more improvement in wrinkles indentation index by Antera camera score.

Skin Aging: Implications of UV Radiation, Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants

Skin aging is an inescapable phenomenon that leads to a functional decline of the skin along with emergence of characteristics features such as coarse skin, wrinkles, loss of elasticity and an overall aged appearance. While chronological aging is inevitable occurring with time, photoaging is contributed by Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species principally which can boost the skin aging process. These processes can however be ameliorated with the help of treatment strategies, one of them being supplementation with antioxidants. This chapter summarizes diverse mechanisms underlying skin aging with regards to Ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species along with role of antioxidants in impeding these processes. Further, it provides a glimpse towards possible future explorations and challenges dominating the field of skin aging.

Loss of zebrafish atp6v1e1b, encoding a subunit of vacuolar ATPase, recapitulates human ARCL type 2C syndrome and identifies multiple pathobiological signatures

The inability to maintain a strictly regulated endo(lyso)somal acidic pH through the proton-pumping action of the vacuolar-ATPases (v-ATPases) has been associated with various human diseases including heritable connective tissue disorders. Autosomal recessive (AR) cutis laxa (CL) type 2C syndrome is associated with genetic defects in the ATP6V1E1 gene and is characterized by skin wrinkles or loose redundant skin folds with pleiotropic systemic manifestations. The underlying pathological mechanisms leading to the clinical presentations remain largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of atp6v1e1b in zebrafish leads to early mortality, associated with craniofacial dysmorphisms, vascular anomalies, cardiac dysfunction, N-glycosylation defects, hypotonia, and epidermal structural defects. These features are reminiscent of the phenotypic manifestations in ARCL type 2C patients. Our data demonstrates that loss of atp6v1e1b alters endo(lyso)somal protein levels, and interferes with non-canonical v-ATPase pathways in vivo. In order to gain further insights into the processes affected by loss of atp6v1e1b, we performed an untargeted analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome, and lipidome in early atp6v1e1b-deficient larvae. We report multiple affected pathways including but not limited to oxidative phosphorylation, sphingolipid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism together with profound defects on mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, our results identify complex pathobiological effects due to loss of atp6v1e1b in vivo.

Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

Analysis of the skin wrinkling in out-of-plane joints of CFRP hat-shaped structure

Out-of-plane joints, between hat (omega) stiffeners and skin panels are asymmetric parts of the composite structure. Studies show that physical-mechanical conditions in these joints significantly affect skin forming quality. In the present article, aimed to investigate the mechanism of the skin wrinkle in the joints of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) hat-shaped structure, the pressure testing apparatus based on the Pascal principle is used to surveillance the resin pressure dynamically in out-of-plane joints. In this regard, several influencing factors such as first-order holding time, forming pressure and relative volume of unidirectional fillers are studied. Obtained results show that increasing the first stage holding time can prolong the viscous flow state of the resin, and time to achieve pressure equalization at each detection point, thereby improving the dispersion of the pressure and reducing the possibility of wrinkles. It is found that as the forming pressure increases, the degree of skin wrinkles in the out-of-plane joints ameliorates. Moreover, for fillers with a relative volume within the range of 0–50%, the pressure transfer effect and the skin flatness is relatively dissatisfactory. It is concluded that the filler with a relative volume of 80–120% improves the skin wrinkle in out-of-plane joints.