Lexical Errors in EFL Students’ Written Production

This research describes and analyzes common vocabulary errors found in the written production of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Based on the lexical errors identified, the analysis of the data was carried out by adapting James’ lexical error taxonomy and included the written production of 56 students from the Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica). It can be concluded that the participants had more lexical errors in semantics and less at the level of discourse. Recommendations on teaching methodologies to correct lexical errors related issues are included.

SEMANTICS ERRORS COMMITED BY INDONESIAN CELEBRITIES: CLASSIFICATIONS AND MEANINGS

<div><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p></div><p class="NoList1">Examining and studying semantics error is a challenging area, due to the position of English as the foreign language in Indonesia. The skill of Indonesian in using English might be as not as good as Singaporean, Malaysian, or Filipinos. Indonesian try to use some English words in their daily conversation or certain occasion. However, they tend to ignore the meanings, as the result the words used are semantically incorrect. Insufficient knowledge of English semantic system causes Indonesian just accept the English words they got from media especially from their favourite Indonesian celebrities, without thinking the meanings might be wrong. In order to figure out the problem, this research aims to examine the semantics errors used by Indonesian celebrities on social media, TV show, and online news, how they can be categorized into errors classifications based on Shormani and Al-Sobani’s (2012) theory that basically followed the error taxonomy from James (1998). This research also investigated the meanings because knowing the meanings of the words is also very helpful in avoiding the errors of using English. The semantic errors that classified in this study are formal misselection, formal misformation, lexical choice, collocation, and lexicogrammatical choice. The researcher uses qualitative descriptive method in doing the research. There are two kinds of data used in this research, written and oral data from Indonesian celebrities’ social media, TV show, online news, including videos on YouTube.</p><p class="NoList1"><strong>Key word:</strong> Semantics errors, classification, meanings, Indonesian celebrities</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong></p><p><em>Meneliti dan mempelajari kesalahan pada makna, adalah hal yang menantang. Kemampuan orang Indonesia dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris mungkin tidak sebaik orang Singapura, Malaysia, atau Filipina. Orang Indonesia mencoba menggunakan beberapa kata bahasa Inggris dalam percakapan sehari-hari atau dalam kegiatan tertentu. Walaupun demikian, mereka cenderung mengabaikan maknanya, sebagai dampaknya kata-kata yang digunakan tersebut tidak tepat secara semantik. Pengetahuan sistem semantik bahasa Inggris yang kurang menyebabkan orang Indonesia hanya menerima kata-kata bahasa Inggris yang mereka dapat dari media, khususnya dari selebritas Indonesia fovorit mereka, tanpa berfikir mungkin maknanya salah. Untuk memecahkan masalah ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kesalahan semantik yang digunakan selebritas Indonesia dalam media sosial, acara TV, dan berita online, bagaimana kesalahan tersebut dikelompokkan dalam klasifikasi- klasifikasi kesalahan menurut teori Shormani dan Al-Sobani</em><em>’</em><em>s (2012) yang pada dasarnya mengikuti sistem taksonomi kesalahan teori James (1998). Penelitian ini juga menginvestigasi maknanya karena mengetahui makna kata juga sangat membantu untuk menghindari kesalahan dalam penggunaan bahasa Inggris. Kesalahan semantik yang diklasifikasikan dalam penelitian ini adalah salah pemilihan dalam bentuk formal, salah pembentukan dalam bentuk formal, pemilihan kata, dan pemilihan gramatikal kata. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat dua jenis data yang digunakan, data tertulis dan lisan dari media sosial selebritas, acara TV, berita online, termasuk video di YouTube. </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci: </em></strong><em>Kesalahan semantik, klasifikasi, makna, selebritas Indonesia </em><em></em></p>

Writing Errors Among Arab EFL Learners: A Review of Literature

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of common writing errors among Arab learners of English as a second language by analyzing the findings of 15 studies. The negative influence of the first language (L1) is called interference and was first introduced by Lado (1957). This article focused on studies that have examined the negative influence of Arabic on the English writing of Arab learners. It has excluded studies that dealt with common errors resulting from different sources such as, intra-lingual errors (i.e. resulting from L2). The findings of the reviewed studies were analyzed based on James’s (2013) error taxonomy. Accordingly, three types of errors were identified, namely, substance errors, textual errors, and discourse errors. The analysis suggested that Arabic has influenced learners’ English writings at multiple levels.

Machine Learning Based Taxonomy and Analysis of English Learners' Translation Errors

This study extracts the comments from a large scale of Chinese EFL learners' translation corpus to study the taxonomy of translation errors. Two unsupervised machine learning approaches are used to obtain the computational evidences of translation error taxonomy. After manually revision, ten types of English to Chinese (E2C) and eight types Chinese to English (C2E) translation errors are finally confirmed. There probably exists three categories of top-level errors according to the hierarchical clustering results. In addition, three supervised learning methods are applied to automatically recognize the types of errors, among which the highest performance reaches F1 = 0.85 on E2C and F1 = 0.90 on C2E translation. Further comparison to the intuitive or theoretical studies on translation taxonomy shows some phenomenon accompanied by language skill improvement of Chinese learners. Analysis on translation problems based on machine learning provides the objective insight and understanding on the students' translations.

WED 094 Diagnostic error rates in diagnosing idiopathic intracranial hypertension

ObjectiveTo quantify the rate of diagnostic error amongst patients with IIH. Additionally to identify factors contributing to diagnostic error.MethodsSequential patients referred with a diagnosis of IIH to the Birmingham tertiary neuro-ophthalmology IIH clinic were prospectively included (October 2013- February 2017) A diagnostic error taxonomy tool was applied to cases referred as ‘definite’ or ‘possible’ IIH. Discrepancy between referred and final diagnosis were recorded. Results212 patients were referred, (96.2% female), 138/212 (65%) with definite IIH and 74/212 (35%) with possible IIH. Of those diagnosed with definite IIH 25% were not IIH and out of those diagnosed with possible IIH 57% were not IIH. Reasons for diagnostic error included incorrectly identifying papilloedema where in fact pseudopapilloedema existed and diagnosing IIH following an isolated lumbar puncture (LP) pressure >25 cmCSF (but in the absence of other diagnostic criteria for IIH). Misdiagnosis lead to 43% receiving unnecessary acetazolamide (or other diuretics) and 14% having multiple LPs.ConclusionsWe noted a high diagnostic error rate amongst IIH patients referred to a tertiary centre for ongoing management. Where there is doubt about the presence of true papilloedema early specialist review may reduce unnecessary treatment and LP’s.

To Lead Is to Err: The Mediating Role of Attribution in the Relationship Between Leader Error and Leader Ratings

The purpose of this study was threefold: to expand the existing leader error taxonomy to include a third dimension of leader error (i.e., ethical errors), to examine the differential effects of error type on leader ratings, and to test a mediated model in which behavioral attribution mediated the relationship between error type and leader ratings. Results showed that ethical errors were distinct from previously established dimensions. Ethical and relationship errors resulted in lower ratings of leader liking and willingness to follow the leader, as compared to task errors. In addition to showing how error types differentially affected leader ratings, this study provided evidence for how this relationship is transmitted. Across two mediation models, behavioral attribution mediated the relationship between leader error and leader ratings after an error occurred. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed as well as future directions for research.