Methodology for Development of Event-driven Software Systems using CIAO Specification Language

Event-driven software systems, belonging to the class of systems with complex behavior in the scientific literature, are reactive systems, which react to the same input effect in different ways depending on their state and background. It is convenient to describe such systems using state-transition models utilizing special language tools, both graphical and textual. Methodology for automated development of systems with complex behavior using the designed CIAO language (Cooperative Interaction of Automata Objects), which allows formally specifying the required behavior based on an informal description of the reacting system, is presented. An informal description of a reacting system can be provided verbally in a natural language or in another way adopted in a specific domain. Further, according to this specification in the CIAO language, a software system for interacting automata in the C++ programming language is generated with a special system. The generated program implements a behavior guaranteed to correspond to a given specification and original informal description. CIAO provides both graphical and textual notation. Graphic notation is based on an extended notation of state machine diagrams and component diagrams of the unified modeling language UML, which are well established in describing the behavior of event-driven systems. The text syntax of the CIAO language is described by context-free grammar in regular form. Automatically generated C++ code allows using of both library and any external functions written manually. At the same time, the evident correspondence of the formal specification and the generated code is preserved on conditions that the external functions conform to their specifications. As an example, an original solution to D. Knut's problem of a responsive elevator control system is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated, since the automaton-converter generating the C++ code is presented as a responsive system, is specified in the CIAO language and implemented by the bootstrapping. The proposed methodology is compared with other well-known formal methods for describing systems with complex behavior.

Signal Recovery by Linear Estimation

This chapter develops the basic results of computability theory, many of which are about noncomputable sequences and sets, with the goal of revealing the limits of computable analysis. Two of the key examples are a bounded computable sequence of rational numbers whose limit is not computable, and a computable tree with no computable infinite path. Computability is an unusual mathematical concept, because it is most easily used in an informal way. One often talks about it in terms of human activities, such as making lists, rather than by applying a precise definition. Nevertheless, there is a precise definition of computability, so this informal description of computations can be formalized.

Solutions to Selected Exercises

This chapter develops the basic results of computability theory, many of which are about noncomputable sequences and sets, with the goal of revealing the limits of computable analysis. Two of the key examples are a bounded computable sequence of rational numbers whose limit is not computable, and a computable tree with no computable infinite path. Computability is an unusual mathematical concept, because it is most easily used in an informal way. One often talks about it in terms of human activities, such as making lists, rather than by applying a precise definition. Nevertheless, there is a precise definition of computability, so this informal description of computations can be formalized.

Computability

This chapter develops the basic results of computability theory, many of which are about noncomputable sequences and sets, with the goal of revealing the limits of computable analysis. Two of the key examples are a bounded computable sequence of rational numbers whose limit is not computable, and a computable tree with no computable infinite path. Computability is an unusual mathematical concept, because it is most easily used in an informal way. One often talks about it in terms of human activities, such as making lists, rather than by applying a precise definition. Nevertheless, there is a precise definition of computability, so this informal description of computations can be formalized.

Design Patterns Formal Composition and Analysis

Informal description of design patterns was adopted to facilitate their understanding by software developers. However, these descriptions lead to ambiguities limiting their successful use in real applications. Recently, several formal methods have been employed to guarantee precise specification of design pattern elements without insisting on their behavior. The main goal of this article is to propose a rewriting logic-based framework for enhancing formal description and reasoning on design patterns composition. The proposed model is integrated and executed under Maude using K-Maude tool. It allows first to associate a meta model notation, according to MDA approach, to all design patterns elements and then, a Maude semantic basis for specifying both their structural and dynamic aspects, is given. In particular, it will be shown how the authors' combined modeling approach is exploited for defining a set of operations on patterns, and how it will be used to formal analyze patterns composition.

СТВОРЕННЯ ОНТОЛОГІЇ ПРЕДМЕТНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ МАЙБУТНІМ ІНЖЕНЕРОМ-ПЕДАГОГОМ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ

The problem of creation of the domain knowledge ontology in education of future engineering teachers in branch of Information Technology is considered in the article. The ontology of Information System domain knowledge has been built. This enables to combine a huge amount of existing information into a single knowledge base that combines several disciplines. It has been shown in the process of investigation that Protege OWL programming product is the best for the creation of computer system ontology in preparing future engineering teachers and makes it possible to describe not only concepts, but also specific objects. It is based on a logical model that allows creating definitions of Information System domain knowledge of informal description. The structure and methods of building and using in future the ontology of Information System domain knowledge in the professional activity future engineering teachers in the area of computer technology has been studied.

DINAMIKA BENTUK-BENTUK SAPAAN SEBAGAI REFLEKSI SIKAP BERBAHASA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA

Greetings are one of the tangible proofs of human communications. One greets someone else because of the need to communicate. In this communication, the relationship between the two people communicating influences the choice of greeting forms. The selection of a greeting is assumed to be closely related to the language attitudes and perspectives of the speaker in positioning himself against the hearer. During its development, the use of greetings has shown a quite interesting dynamics. This comprises the development of greeting use, shift of greeting reference, and changes in the acts of greeting. This paper aims to describe the term of addressing used by the society, analiyzing manner and logic structure of the term of addressing, also the actualization and the dynamics of the usage of the term of addressing. Furthermore, to obtain varied data the author determines a population consisting of a number of groups, especially university students. This is with the assumption that in addition to their age level where they are highly productive in using greetings, it is also possible that they have example forms of greetings and acts of greeting. Using speech act theory in sociolinguistics approach data was achieved with observation method in questioner and cards of data. The result of classification was analized with introspection, comparation, and equal-referential method which is formed in formal and informal description. From a number of semi-closed questionnaires listing questions about attitudes and selections of greeting the author obtains some results. These are a mapping of common greeting forms used by people in general, the background of common greeting forms used by people, and the actualization as well as dynamics of the use of greeting forms in Indonesian speech society.

Dasycladalean green algae and some problematic algae from the Upper Triassic of the Nayband Formation (northeast Iran)

Dasycladalean green algae and some problematic algae from the Upper Triassic of the Nayband Formation (northeast Iran)This paper describes the dasycladales green algae from two sections of the Rhaetian Howz-e Khan Member of the Nayband Formation, northwest of the Dig-e Rostam motorway service area (south of the type locality of the Formation near the town Naybandan). Both sections are composed of bedded fine-grained limestones containing partly abundant dasycladales algae associated with foraminifers, which are mainly aulotortid types. Additionally scattered samples were collected from several beds of the Howz-e Khan Member in this area. The following dasycladalean taxa are described:Chinianella carpatica(Bystrický),Griphoporella curvata(Gümbel),Griphoporella lutensisnov. sp., some undetermined dasycladacean taxa, problematic algae likeLithocodium aggregatumElliott,Bacinella irregularisRadoicic, andThaumatoporella parvovesiculifera(Raineri). WhileChinianella carpaticais not numerous and the other described algae are rare,Griphoporella curvatais extremely abundant in the investigated material. This paper describesCh. carpaticafor the first time from the Triassic of Iran and also includes a discussion of the strong variability ofG. curvata. Additionally we include an informal description of a problematic fossil (animal: shell fragment?; plant: alga?).