Value of Skin Tests for Managing Hypersensitivity Reactions to Platinum Salts

Background: Platinum-based therapy continues to be one of the pillars of the treatment of different types of cancer. However, many times the responsible clinician renounces its use after the appearance of a hypersensitivity reaction.Objective: To assess the value of skin tests (ST) in clinical practice to address the treatment of patients with suspicion of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to platinum salts.Methods: Single-center retrospective study performed for 3 years. Adult patients treated with any platinum salt who experienced HSR symptoms and for whom an oncologist requested ST, were included. ST with cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were performed. Results: Twenty-two patients were included. ST were positive in 12 patients (54.5%), of which 4 (33%) presented cross-reactivity to another platinum salt. Fifteen patients continued platinum-based chemotherapy: 9 patients with positive ST (4 continued by desensitization and 5 with another platinum) and 6 patients with negative ST, of which 1 repeated an HSR. A NPV of 0.91 was calculated. Conclusion: ST allowed accurate identification of platinum allergy patients and the resumption of platinum-based therapy in many patients for whom no suitable therapeutic alternative was clinically acceptable.

Synthesis and X-ray Diffraction Study of thiosemicarbazone Palladacycles with dppm

Cyclometallated compounds have been extensively studied, in particular those with palladium and platinum. This is because of their possible applications in medicinal chemistry, as anticancer or antimicrobial agents; in some cases, with similar results as cisplatin, carboplatin or oxaliplatin. What is also remarkable is their use as homogeneous catalysts, for example, in cross coupling reactions such as Suzuki–Miyaura or Mizoroki–Heck. Herein, we report the synthesis of different thiosemicarbazone ligands, which will be reacted with a palladium or platinum salt, to give the corresponding cyclometallated compounds; in addition, their reactivity with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) will be studied. Characterization has been carried out by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, 1c has been studied by X-ray diffraction.

Trichloro(Dinitrogen)platinate(II)

<p>Zeise’s salt, [PtCl₃(H₂C=CH₂)]^–_, is the oldest known organometallic complex, featuring ethylene strongly bound to a platinum salt. Many derivatives are known, but none involving dinitrogen, and indeed dinitrogen complexes are unknown for both platinum and palladium. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of K₂[PtCl₄] solutions generate strong ions corresponding to [PtCl₃(N₂)]^–, whose identity was confirmed through ion mobility spectroscopy and MS/MS experiments that proved it to be distinct from its isobaric counterparts [PtCl₃(C₂H₄)]^– and [PtCl₃(CO)]^–. Computational analysis established a gas-phase platinum-dinitrogen bond strength of 116 kJ mol^-1, substantially weaker than the ethylene and carbon monoxide analogues but stronger than for polar solvents such as water, methanol and dimethylformamide, and strong enough that the calculated N-N bond length of 1.119 Å represents weakening to a degree typical of isolated dinitrogen complexes. </p>

Trichloro(Dinitrogen)platinate(II)

<p>Zeise’s salt, [PtCl₃(H₂C=CH₂)]^–_, is the oldest known organometallic complex, featuring ethylene strongly bound to a platinum salt. Many derivatives are known, but none involving dinitrogen, and indeed dinitrogen complexes are unknown for both platinum and palladium. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of K₂[PtCl₄] solutions generate strong ions corresponding to [PtCl₃(N₂)]^–, whose identity was confirmed through ion mobility spectroscopy and MS/MS experiments that proved it to be distinct from its isobaric counterparts [PtCl₃(C₂H₄)]^– and [PtCl₃(CO)]^–. Computational analysis established a gas-phase platinum-dinitrogen bond strength of 116 kJ mol^-1, substantially weaker than the ethylene and carbon monoxide analogues but stronger than for polar solvents such as water, methanol and dimethylformamide, and strong enough that the calculated N-N bond length of 1.119 Å represents weakening to a degree typical of isolated dinitrogen complexes. </p>

Phase transformation induced mechanochromism in a platinum salt: a tale of two polymorphs

Red crystals of [Pt(tpy)Cl]NO3·HNO3 turn yellow when subjected to a mechanical stimulus. Here we report the structural details of mechanochromic system.

Reactive oxygen species in patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma treated with platinum based chemotherapy.

e17047 Background: Ovarian adenocarcinoma (OA) is the most lethal of gynecologic tumors because women generally present with advanced stage disease. Platinum-based chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in OA treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the role of oxygen species in patients with OA and the effects of platinum based chemotherapy on blood redox status. Methods: Twenty three patients with advanced stage IIIC or IV OA who underwent platinum salts chemotherapy were included. Blood sample were collected before treatment, at 21 days (second cycle of chemotherapy) and at 42 days (3rd cycle) and at 63 day (4th cycle) with a platinum salt (cisplatin or carboplatin). Biochemical determination of oxidative stress was made by mesuring lipid peroxidation index (LPI), the enzymatic activity of ceruloplasmin and the thiol albumin groups. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 52 years, and 47.8% of patients presented with stage IIIC and 52.2% with stage IV. Nine patients received for the first time platinum based chemotherapy and 14 received multiple lines of chemotherapy. Response rate after 4 cycles were partial in 30%, stable disease in 57%, and progression disease in 13%. Mean value (± SD) of lipid peroxides was 6.81±1.μmol/100 ml (normal value 0-4), and of ceruloplasmin 156 ± 66 UI (normal value 80-120) which showed an increase of the final products of lipid peroxidation. Thiol mean value was 296±124 μmol/l (normal value 370- 450). The evolution of these reactive oxygen species were monitored during chemotherapy cycles. Decrease of the lipid peroxidation after 1st cycle was noticed, (7, 6.89, 5.87, 6.61), because platinum salt can bind peroxyde and this can be considered a marker of effectiveness of treatment.The thiol levels increased from one cycle to other (233, 311, 384, 393) showing that the cell is trying to contracarete the oxidative stress. Conclusions: Tumors produces reactive oxygen species in excess in patients with advanced OA. Platinum based chemotherapy in patients with OA induces radical formation and the dynamic of these markers may be used to monitor response to treatment.