Plasma Flows in Solar Filaments as Electromagnetically Driven Vortical Flows

Electromagnetic expulsion acts on a body suspended in a conducting fluid or plasma, which is subject to the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Physically, the effect is a magnetohydrodynamic analogue of the buoyancy (Archimedean) force, which is caused by the nonequal electric conductivities inside and outside the body. It is suggested that electromagnetic expulsion can drive the observed plasma counter-streaming flows in solar filaments. Exact analytical solutions and scaling arguments for a characteristic plasma flow speed are reviewed, and their applicability in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds numbers, relevant in the solar corona, is discussed.

Time scales and rheology of visco-cohesive granular flows

In the presence of viscous and cohesive interactions between particles, a granular flow is governed by several characteristic time and stress scales that determine its rheological properties (shear stress, packing fraction, effective viscosities). In this paper, we revisit and extend the scaling arguments used previously for dry cohesionless granular flows and suspensions. We show that the rheology can be in principle described by a single dimensionless control parameter that includes all characteristic times. We also briefly present simulation results for 2D sheared suspensions and 3D wet granular flows where the effective friction coefficient and packing fraction are consistently described as functions of this unique control parameter.

Pointwise bounds for the Green's function for the Neumann-Laplace operator in $ \text{R}^3 $

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We derive pointwise bounds for the Green's function and its derivatives for the Laplace operator on smooth bounded sets in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ {\bf R}^3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The proofs require only ordinary calculus, scaling arguments and the most basic facts of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-Sobolev space theory.</p>

Chromatin Mechanics Dictates Subdiffusion and Coarsening Dynamics of Embedded Condensates

DNA is organized into chromatin, a complex polymeric material which stores information and controls gene expression. An emerging mechanism for biological organization, particularly within the crowded nucleus, is biomolecular phase separation into condensed droplets of protein and nucleic acids. However, the way in which chromatin impacts the dynamics of phase separation and condensate formation is poorly understood. Here, we utilize a powerful optogenetic strategy to examine the interplay of droplet coarsening with the surrounding viscoelastic chromatin network. We demonstrate that droplet growth dynamics are directly inhibited by the chromatin-dense environment, which gives rise to an anomalously slow coarsening exponent, β∼0.12, contrasting with the classical prediction of β∼ 1/3. Using scaling arguments and simulations, we show how this arrested growth can arise due to subdiffusion of individual condensates, predicting β∼α/3, where α is the diffusion exponent. Tracking the fluctuating motion of condensates within chromatin reveals a subdiffusive exponent, α∼0.5, which explains the anomalous coarsening behavior and is also consistent with Rouse-like dynamics arising from the entangled chromatin. Our findings have implications for the biophysical regulation of the size and shape of biomolecular condensates, and suggest that condensate emulsions can be used to probe the viscoelastic mechanical environment within living cells.

Macroturbulence Response to Vertical Stratification Change Using Linear Response Function of an Idealized Dry Atmosphere

&lt;p&gt;Rossby radius and Rhines scale are two popular scaling arguments for eddy length scale. They have not been tested in a well-controlled experiment with increased vertical stratification and unchanged jet. This is done using the linear response function of an idealized dry atmosphere calculated by Hassanzadeh and Kuang (2016). The resulting change in zonal wind is mostly less than 0.2m/s when temperature near surface is cooled by more than 2K. In such experiment, energy-containing zonal scale decreases, which is against the prediction of Rossby radius but consistent with the prediction of Rhines scale. Eddy kinetic energy decreases for all wavenumbers and latitudes, but eddy momentum flux strengthens locally around zonal wavenumber 8 and 40&amp;#176;S. This local strengthening is associated with a stronger Pearson correlation between u and v.&lt;/p&gt;

Field-driven tracer diffusion through curved bottlenecks: fine structure of first passage events

Using scaling arguments and extensive numerical simulations, we study the dynamics of a tracer particle in a corrugated channel represented by a periodic sequence of broad chambers and narrow funnel-like bottlenecks enclosed by a hard-wall boundary.

Dynamical transitions during the collapse of inertial holes

At the center of a collapsing hole lies a singularity, a point of infinite curvature where the governing equations break down. It is a topic of fundamental physical interest to clarify the dynamics of fluids approaching such singularities. Here, we use scaling arguments supported by high-fidelity simulations to analyze the dynamics of an axisymmetric hole undergoing capillary collapse in a fluid sheet of small viscosity. We characterize the transitions between the different dynamical regimes —from the initial inviscid dynamics that dominate the collapse at early times to the final Stokes dynamics that dominate near the singularity— and demonstrate that the crossover hole radii for these transitions are related to the fluid viscosity by power-law relationships. The findings have practical implications for the integrity of perforated fluid films, such as bubble films and biological membranes, as well as fundamental implications for the physics of fluids converging to a singularity.