Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in Gerres abbreviatus (Bleeker 1850) and Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) in Kao Bay, North Maluku, Indonesia

Heavy metals have a relationship with fish organs. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of heavy metals in various organs of Gerres abbreviatus and Parastromateus niger. The research was conducted in Kao Bay waters from April to September 2019. Samples obtained were prepared at the aquatic science laboratory of Khairun University and were analyzed at the Environmental Productivity Laboratory of IPB University Bogor using the AAS instrument to determine heavy metals concentrations. The result of the heavy metals accumulation in Gerres abbreviatus meat was Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Hg > Mn > Cd. Meanwhile, the heavy metals accumulation in Roi fish (Parastromateus niger) meat was Zn > Mn > Ni > Hg > Pb > Cd > Cu.

IDENTIFIKASI IKAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN TANJUNG LUAR, PULAU LOMBOK, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Sumberdaya ikan adalah jenis ikan termasuk biota perairan laut lainnya yang merupakan sumber kekayaan alam yang memiliki daya pulih kembali secara alami, sehingga pemanfaatannya dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Pelabuhan perikanan merupakan tempat pendaratan hasil tangkapan dan awal pemasarannya. jenis ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Tanjung Luar, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dan identifikasi. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 34 jenis ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Tanjung Luar, Pulau Lombok, yaitu: Naso brevisrostris, Chanos chanos, Parastromateus niger, Thallasoma purpureum, Siganus canaliculatus, Plectorhinchus polytaenia, Diodon holocanthus, Upeneus vittatus, Caesio cuning, Dermogenys sp, Epinephelus areolatus, Rastrelliger sp, Pomadasys argenteus, Lepturacanthus savala, Decapterus macrosoma, Sillago sihama, Eusphyra blochii, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus albimarginatus, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Galeocerdo cuvier, Prionace glauca, Taeniura lymma, Priancanthus hamrur, Scolopsis sp, Scombermorus guttatus, Euthynnus affinis, Nemipterus japonicas, Sardinella sp, Lutjanus bitaeniatus, Secutor interruptus, Sphyraena jello, dan Caranx ignobilis

Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson in Sebatik Waters, Indonesia

Salim G, Handayani KR, Indarjo A, Ransangan J, Atieqah N. 2020. Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson in Sebatik Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5363-5372. The economic revenue of the local government of the Indonesian Sebatik Island relies much on the exploitation of its rich marine biodiversity. One of the important economic activities is the capture fisheries of commercially important fishes such as the white pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), and mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commerson). The current study aims to estimate the growth, condition factor, and exploitation rate of the fish species for developing sustainable fishery management. Fish samplings were conducted in the Sebatik Waters, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from June to July 2020. The fish were caught using gillnet at daytime (pomfrets) and nighttime (mackerel), respectively. Then, 82, 73, and 83 specimens of white pomfret, black pomfret, and mackerel were randomly selected for the length-weight relationship, condition factor, and exploitation rate analysis, respectively. The results revealed that the size distribution of the white pomfret population in the coastal waters of Sebatik Island ranged from 220.0 to 351.0 mm, black pomfret ranged from 231.0 to 362.0 mm and mackerel, ranged from 242.0 to 432.0 mm. All the fish species exhibited negative allometric (b<3) weight and length relationship with moderate to strong correlation. About 50% and 53.42% of the white pomfrets and black pomfrets were characterized by thin body shape. However, 49.40% of the mackerels were characterized by fat body shape. The asymptotic length (L∞) for white pomfrets was recorded at 359.133 mm; k value of 0.0427 mm/year with r-value of 0.9918 and the t0 value of 1.11/year. For black pomfret, the L∞ was estimated at 370.22 mm; k value of 0.043 mm/year with r-value at 0.9919 and the t0 value of 1.104/year. For mackerel, the L∞ value was estimated at 492.724 mm, k-value of 0.0246 mm/year with r-value of 0.9634, and the t0 value of 1.322/year. The total mortality, fishing mortality and natural mortality (Z, F, and N, respectively) and exploitation rate (E) for white fish were recorded at 113.76%, 80.58%, 33.18%, and 70.83%, respectively. For black pomfret, it recorded 113.15% (Z), 79.97% (F), 32.75% (N) and 70.67% (E). For mackerel, it recorded 109.87% (Z), 66.29% (F), 43.58% (N) and 60.33% (E). The high exploitation rate (>50%) and fishing mortality (>60%) of all the fish species analyzed in this study indicate that there is a sign of overfishing to these fish resources in the coastal waters of Sebatik island. Hence, sustainable fishing management is timely needed to prevent depletion of these important fishery resources. Such management can include fishing restrictions for small-sized and first mature fish, close fishing season, and strict requirement for fishing permits.

Effects of traditional fish processing methods on the proximate composition and ph of fish Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger)

Fish is an important food in many Iranian diets. This is a good source of protein. Fish is the main source of animal protein in Iran. The effects of three different traditional processing methods (freezing, brining and frying) on nutritive composition of halva sia fish stored under ambient room conditions were determined. Fresh halva sia fish were obtained from Behbahan fish market. Cooking and processing techniques were carried out on fish Halva sia Parastromateus niger. The proximate composition of raw Parastromateus niger was affected by cooking and processing techniques that were carried out by AOAC methods. Moisture contents decreased in fried and brined fillet while protein, fat and ash contents were significantly increased in fried fillet. The loss of moisture in fried and brined samples amounted to the highest levels; also the protein and fat value was proportionally high. The fish Parastromateus niger showed a decrease in their contents of moisture and fat as affected by frozen storage periods while ash and protein contents were increased after frozen storage periods. The nutritional value fish Parastromateus niger preserved until the end of the storage period.

Short Communication: Growth and mortality rate of Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) and Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) in Paloh Waters, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Damora A, Ariyogagautama D, Wahju RI, Susanto H, Wang J. 2018. Short Communication: Growth and mortality rate of Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) and Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) in Paloh Waters, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2247-2251. Three species of pomfret fish were caught in Paloh waters including Parastromateus niger, Pampus argenteus, and Pampus chinensis. P. niger and P. argenteus which were more dominant than P. Chinensis. Pomfret fishing in the Paloh waters is not carried out throughout the year, but generally only in August to October every year. The main fishing gear used was drift gill net. Data on the growth parameter and mortality of the pomfret fish is required as an effort for the management of this fish. This study was aimed to estimate the growth and mortality rate of P. niger and P. argenteus in Paloh waters, located in West Kalimantan. This study was conducted from April 2014 to June 2017. The fish samples were collected by catching the fish using drift gill net used by the fishing vessels. The data were analyzed using an analytic model and run using ELEFAN 1 software and Length-converted Catch Curve on FISAT II software. The result showed that von Bertalanffy growth parameters covering growth curvature (k), asymptotic length (L∞), and the age of fish in length zero (t0) was 0.26 year-1, 46.2 cm TL and -1.85 years for P. niger and 0.53 year-1, 46.2 cm TL and -0.88 years for P. argenteus. The von Bertalanffy growth function for P. niger as Lt = 46.2[1-e-0.26 (t+1.85)] and for P. argenteus as Lt = 46.2[1-e-0.53 (t+0.88)]. These functions described the expected or average length at a time (age). Total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.93 year-1, 0.29 year-1 and 0.64 year-1 for P. niger and 1.68 year-1, 0.47 year-1 and 1.21 year-1 for P. argenteus. Exploitation rate (E) was 0.68 year-1 for P. niger and 0.72 year-1 for P. argenteus. The growth of P. niger is slower than the growth of P. argenteus and the fishing mortality of P. argenteus is higher than P. niger’s. Both of the exploitation rates indicated that the fish resources are over-exploited.

Redescription of Lernaeenicus stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1953 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pennellidae) infesting the Black Pomfret Parastromateus niger (Bloch) from Indian waters

The parasitic copepod Lernaeenicus stromatei Gnanamuthu, 1953 infecting black pomfret, Parastromateus niger (Bloch) (Carangidae) is redescribed based on a neotype and additional fresh material obtained from hosts collected at different fish landing centers on the Chennai Coast (Tamil Nadu), Malabar Coast (Kerala), and from West Bengal, India. A female L. stromatei obtained from the Chennai Coast has been designated as a neotype and deposited in the National Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India (NZC-ZSI). Lernaeenicus stromatei can be identified based on the following features: A long and slender body; head anteriorly rounded, dorso-ventrally flattened and slightly longer than broad; presence of three posterior horns on the head, one median and two lateral, all sub-similar and apically rounded; and an anterior neck with an indistinct partition on the dorsal side, indicating thoracic segments, and a three-jointed antennule.

Incidences of caudal fin malformation in fishes from Jubail City, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf

These case studies endeavor to report incidences of caudal fin deformities in several commercial fishes living in natural populations in the Saudi Arabian coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf. Two groups of anomalies were observed, slight and severe. The carangid species, Parastromateus niger (Bloch) and the soleid species, Euryglossa orientalis (Bloch & Schneider), had slight cases of caudal fin abnormalities, while the species Oreochrromis mossambicus (Peters), Epinephelus stoliczkae (Day), Diagramma pictum (Thunberg), Cephalopholis hemistiktos (Rüppell), Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål), and Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier) had severe deformities. The abnormalities were assessed by morphological diagnosis. None of the cases was fatal as they occurred in adult individuals. The possible causes for these deformities as well as the suitability of this kind of case study for environmental monitoring are discussed. Further studies should be conducted from the perspective of pollution.