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Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Aldara Girona-Ruiz ◽  
Iris Alarcón-Vera ◽  
María José Delgado-Iniesta

Agriculture practices developed since the middle of the last century have led to the degradation of different resources and made it necessary to promote agricultural models that are less aggressive towards nature. Sustainable agricultural growth requires a more efficient use of land. An experimental model was designed with four treatments in the Campo de Cartagena area (SE Spain): biosolarization with manure (BSM), biosolarization with brassicas (BB), solarization (S), and a pilot test (PT). The general objective was to determine by means of rapid response indicators the changes occurring in soil properties as a consequence of the implementation of these solarization or biosolarization practices and their influence on the quality and yield of a lettuce crop. The results show that there was no significant response in the physical and biological properties of the soil. Physicochemical properties such as pHw, and electrical conductivity (ECe), as well as chemicals such as total nitrogen (TN) and the content of some macro and micronutrients, can be considered as rapid response indicators. The highest yields (Yc) and highest commercial quality (Mc) of lettuce were obtained in the BB and BSM treatments (Yc > 23,000 kg ha−1; Mc > 413 g). These treatments resulted in biological NO3− sequestration and, in the case of BB, salt immobilization (ECe: 6 dS m−1). According to these results, BSM and BB can be recommended for sustainable agriculture and even as valid methods for the recovery of soils affected by salts and NO3−. Our results should increase the feasibility of these techniques in semiarid areas.


Author(s):  
Alvaro Chaparro Sainz ◽  
Juan Parra Martínez
Keyword(s):  

Recientemente numerosos estudios han confirmado la excelente valoración que el futuro profesorado posee acerca del uso de elementos patrimoniales en los contextos educativos. En este marco, se considera preciso descubrir cuáles son las necesidades que presenta el profesorado en activo acerca de este recurso para su introducción en el aula. Así, el objetivo principal de la presente investigación reside en conocer las demandas del profesorado en ejercicio, en concreto del entorno del Campo de Cartagena, para introducir el patrimonio en sus clases. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se ha utilizado un cuestionario, implementado anteriormente en estudios similares (Castro & López-Facal, 2019), que ha sido respondido por docentes de etapas educativas preuniversitarias (n=44). Para ello, se ha utilizado un diseño cuantitativo no experimental, con recopilación de información a través de un cuestionario con una escala Likert (1-5), cuyos datos se han analizado con el programa estadístico SPSS v.25. Entre los resultados más destacados, señalamos la existencia de divergencias significativas en las respuestas de unas etapas educativas respecto de otras, si bien el conjunto del profesorado reclama la necesidad de contar con ayuda de los organismos a través de la facilitación de materiales.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
José Manuel Teira Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
La Red ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  

La escena incorpora con frecuencia tecnologías a favor de la comunicación artística, tales como internet, la realidad aumentada, tabletas o teléfonos inteligentes. Gracias a ellas, la última década del siglo XX y las dos décadas transcurridas del XXI han visto formalizarse muchas experiencias teatrales a través de la red. En ese contexto, el confinamiento motivado por la pandemia de covid-19 favoreció la expansión de espectáculos virtuales, muchos de los cuales eran una transformación de su formato físico. Uno de ellos fue Ronem Ram.0, versión previa de la instalación Ronem Ram, la cual aborda el desastre ecológico en el Mar Menor de la Comarca del Campo de Cartagena mediante la especulación artística con base científica. Su creador es Jesús Nieto, director de la compañía Onírica Mecánica, que se enmarca en el teatro de objetos y se caracteriza por la continua investigación de las tecnologías incorporadas a la dramaturgia con gran importancia de la plástica y el sonido escénicos. Este trabajo analiza la pieza enfatizando la relación entre la experiencia virtual y la presencial. Para ello explora desde la recepción de la persona visitante-espectadora cómo la interacción e inmersión planteadas en el recorrido son traspuestas al formato virtual y consiguen generar una experiencia teatral por medio de aprovechar los recursos de la plataforma, los cuales se describen en relación con la dramaturgia espectacular.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo ◽  
Juan José Alarcón Cabañero ◽  
Pedro Pérez Cutillas

<p>A pioneering study in Murcia within the framework of the ASSIST (Use of Advanced information technologies for Site-Specific management of Irrigation and SaliniTy with degraded water) research project, seeks to lay the foundations for a new integrated system for the assessment of salinity through combined use of traditional techniques (soil and plant sampling) and new technologies (multispectral aerial videography or satellite observation; and image analysis) to help quantify and map soil salinization / degradation and the effects of soil-plant interactions (salinity-toxicity) on the growth and yield of irrigated crops. In this sense, the initial objective was to evaluate the salinity of the soil and the development of lettuces irrigated with unconventional water resources through thermal and multispectral images. Different soil and plant salinity indices were studied, observing that the temperature (on plant) and salinity index (SI) (on soil), had a moderate correlation with the soil salinity. Although the results obtained have been encouraging, more research is needed to develop specific equations capable to predic soil salinity from the values of these indices taken remotely. In this context, a review of the spectral salinity indices has been prepared to be applied at a regional scale. As an experimental area, El Campo de Cartagena located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula has been chosen, since there is intensive irrigated agriculture in a semi-arid environment. Due to this, farmers resort to using non-conventional and saline water sources, consequently the use of saline irrigation water is causing salinization of the soils and damage to the crops. Values from existing salinity records combined with soil salinity data obtained in various plots, provided information that was correlated with time series of Landsat images (1984-2020). Regression models were also applied in which environmental variables provided an improvement in the estimation of soil salinity. The results allowed us to determine the main salinity concentration areas, as well as inputs to establish criteria for improvement in the management of irrigation systems.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gómez Martínez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín ◽  
Clara Eugenia Estrela Segrelles

<p>The use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture activity is a worldwide extended practice since decades for improving crops performance, which can cause, however, with excessive dosage rates, aquifers’ pollution and water quality problems, like the study case hereby presented of Mar Menor sea-lake waterbody and “Campo de Cartagena” aquifer, in the southern coast of Spain.</p><p>Due the agricultural practices, the Campo de Cartagena aquifer presents in this moment high values of nitrate, around 150 mgNO<sub>3</sub> / l, appearing also these high values of nitrogen in soil in this area. This situation produces a great contribution of nitrogen to the Mar Menor lake, by two mainly processes, firstly, continuously through groundwater returns to the waterbody’s surface and secondly, through the precipitation events when a large amount of nitrogen is washed from soil by the rainfall. Finally, the large amount of nitrogen incomes to the Mar Menor sea lake contributes to deteriorate the status of this waterbody and also promotes the eutrophication processes that have been taking place during last years.</p><p>A large watershed scale nitrates’ transport simulation model, Patrical Model (Perez-Martín et al., 2016), is used to estimate the measures to recovery the “Campo de Cartagena” aquifer. The model establishes, mathematically, the relationship between nitrogen application, nitrogen surplus (excess), and nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface waterbodies.</p><p>Model results show that it is necessary to reduce around 80% of the current nitrogen surplus in the “Campo de Cartagena” aquifer to recovery the good status in the aquifer. This reduction of nitrogen surplus can be obtained by reducing the fertilizers dosage and consequently the nitrates contribution, with a maximum dose of nitrogen applied by farmers of 170 kgN /ha. Applying this measure could reduce significantly the nitrogen retained in soil in 1-2 years, so the nitrogen contribution during rainfall events also could be reduced significantly. Nitrogen levels in groundwater will gradually decrease in the following years, reaching values around 50 mgNO<sub>3</sub> / l in 7-9 years after the application of these measures.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Pedro Ortuño

Based on Ehrenfried Pfeiffer's method of sensitive crystallization, the Cartographies of Metamorphosis artistic project exposes the vitality, in the form of mandala graphics, of the different horticultural products from Campo de Cartagena, a method that makes the intrinsic quality of the material visible organic. In 2016, the Mar Menor landscape collapsed for the first time and accentuated its state of environmental crisis, due in part to the dumping of large amounts of organic matter and nutrients of various kinds, but especially from agricultural and livestock activities. Made in the context of the environmental crisis of the Mar Menor, the sculptural and audiovisual installation metaphorically reflects on the new geological era coined by Paul Crutzen and the eutrophication landscape around the lagoon.


Author(s):  
Miguel Borja Bernabé-Crespo ◽  
María Luz Tudela Serrano ◽  
José María Gómez-Espín

La comarca del Campo de Cartagena – Mar Menor es un área de características semiáridas con sequía estructural y donde la carestía de agua ha sido constante en la historia, suplida mediante trasvases de agua y recursos no convencionales. El estudio realiza un análisis del consumo de agua potable, diferenciando entre consumo en alta y consumo en baja, para conocer el rendimiento de la red, y se formulan unas estrategias y líneas de actuación prioritarias para mejorar la seguridad hídrica de la comarca. Se han tomado datos de la Mancomunidad de Canales del Taibilla, de las empresas municipales de abastecimiento y de los Ayuntamientos de la comarca. Los resultados muestran la evolución de las fuentes de abastecimiento, y se extrae, entre otros, que los rendimientos han mejorado y que es clave la adaptación frente al cambio climático, diversificar la oferta de recursos e implementar nuevas tecnologías, así como mejorar las redes de distribución y avanzar en la concienciación social para conformar un territorio resiliente. Este trabajo sirve como modelo para caracterizar y mejorar la situación del abastecimiento de agua en otros medios semiáridos de similar problemática.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez Navarro ◽  
Aldara Girona Ruiz ◽  
María José Delgado Iniesta

The electrical conductivity (EC) and ionic composition of the soil solution of a Haplic Calcisol in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) were studied <em>in situ</em> for four years in an experimental open-air vegetable plot, together with the relationship between these parameters, the quality of the irrigation water and the management of the plot. The results show that there were very significant fluctuations in these variables during the study period and that these fluctuations depended on the management of the plot and in particular on the irrigation water used. Therefore, for an adequate management of these agro-ecosystems, it is necessary to establish a network of experimental plots <em>in situ</em>, where sensitive indicators of soil degradation are monitored, in our case the EC and the ionic composition of the soil solution. Such indicators are capable of detecting these degradation processes and their relationship with the inappropriate management of this resource.


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