scholarly journals Influence of intensive horticultural cultivation on soil salinity in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez Navarro ◽  
Aldara Girona Ruiz ◽  
María José Delgado Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Campo De Cartagena

The electrical conductivity (EC) and ionic composition of the soil solution of a Haplic Calcisol in Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) were studied <em>in situ</em> for four years in an experimental open-air vegetable plot, together with the relationship between these parameters, the quality of the irrigation water and the management of the plot. The results show that there were very significant fluctuations in these variables during the study period and that these fluctuations depended on the management of the plot and in particular on the irrigation water used. Therefore, for an adequate management of these agro-ecosystems, it is necessary to establish a network of experimental plots <em>in situ</em>, where sensitive indicators of soil degradation are monitored, in our case the EC and the ionic composition of the soil solution. Such indicators are capable of detecting these degradation processes and their relationship with the inappropriate management of this resource.

scholarly journals Morphology of Cleaved Surface and Observation of In Situ Crack Propagation During Cleaving

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-491
Author(s):  
Soshi Iwatsuki ◽  
Hirofumi Hidai ◽  
Souta Matsusaka ◽  
Akira Chiba ◽  
Noboru Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Jet Cooling ◽  
Cleavage Line ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Glass Edge ◽  
Polarization Camera

In laser cleaving, the thermal stress caused by laser heating and water-jet cooling propagates previously induced cracks in the workpiece material. The laser-cleaving conditions affect the quality of the fracture surface, and therefore, elucidating the relationship between the cleaved surface, cleaving conditions, and crack propagation is essential. Against this backdrop, in this study, we investigated the morphology of the cleaved surface and visualized the crack propagation and stress in situ using a high-speed polarization camera. The distance between the glass edge and cleaved surface was varied. When the laser-cleavage line was close to the glass edge, twist hackles were formed on the cleaved surface. The area in which the twist hackles formed on the cleaved surface coincided with the lagging section of the crack front. Furthermore, the twist hackle reached the specimen surface, and the edge of the surface exhibited a sawtooth shape. Observations with the high-speed polarization camera revealed that the internal stress was asymmetric with respect to the crack when the twist hackles were formed.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATURE STRUCTURE AND ONTOGENY IN THE GRANA OF CHLOROPLASTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominick J. Paolillo Jr. ◽  
Judith A. Reighard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclical Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Some reports on chloroplast infrastructure have emphasized a helical pattern of interconnections among the compartments of the grana. This pattern has been related to a theory of spiral–cyclical growth of grana stacks. The occurrence of multiple helices on the grana in angiosperm chloroplasts impugns the ontogenetic significance of the helical pattern. The compartments of a granum do not discriminate among the helices for quantity or quality of interconnections. No genetic helix can be distinguished. The theory of spiral–cyclical growth of grana, as currently stated, is inadequate to account for the in situ structure of normal grana in the chloroplasts of angiosperms.

The Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Approach Applied in the Study of the Denitrifying Bacteria on Nitration Tank of the Metal Membrane Bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2686-2689
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Metal Membrane ◽  
The Relationship

To study the amount changes of different denitrifying bacteria in the process of the metal membrane bioreactor, and to confirm the relationship between the amount of different bacteria and the quality of the treating water, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) dominant molecular biological technologies were applied in this study to preliminary explore the time and space distribution of different denitrifying bacteria populations in the active sludge on the immersed plate-type metal membrane bioreactor. The result indicates that the involvement of the denitrification tank is beneficial to the growth of all bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, meanwhile the eliminate rate of the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is also improved.

scholarly journals RELATING FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA TO PERFORMANCE USING MEPDG SIMULATIONS AND PIECEWISE CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION / LANKSČIŲJŲ DANGŲ ATRANKOS KRITERIJŲ SUSIEJIMAS NAUDOJANT MEPDG MODELIUS IR DALINĘ KUBINĘ SPLAININĘ INTERPOLIACIJĄ

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Manik ◽  
Karim Chatti ◽  
Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Relationship

The performance of the highway system is inevitably linked to its quality of design and construction. To control the quality of construction, elaborate Quality Assurance (QA) programs have been developed by highway agencies based on statistical sampling and acceptance procedures to ensure that the work is in accordance with the plans and specifications. The QA procedure is intended to ensure that the constructed pavement would perform well during its design life. However, numerous field investigations and research studies over the years have identified a gap in our understanding of the relationship between the QA test results and pavement performance (fatigue cracking, rutting, etc.). This paper is intended to present the framework for developing an understanding of the relationship between QA tests and flexible pavement performance, which is essential for developing Performance Related Specifications (PRS). In the first part of the paper, the Michigan Department of Transportation's (MDOT) QA program and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) databases were used to empirically investigate any relationship between key QA variables and various pavement performance measures. In the second part of the paper, the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software was used together with an accurate and efficient interpolation technique to develop many simulations for the purpose of showing the effect of variability in QA parameters including plant air voids, in-situ density and asphalt content on flexible pavement performance. Santrauka Greitkelių sistemos darbas (funkcionavimas) yra neišvengiamai susijęs su jo projektavimo ir statybų kokybe. Greitkelių agentūros, remdamosi statistinėmis atrankos ir ėmimo procedūromis, parengė kokybės užtikrinimo (KU arba QA) programas, kad būtų kontroliuojama statybų kokybė ir užtikrinamas darbas pagal planus ir specifikacijas. KU (QA) procedūra siekiama užtikrinti, kad pagaminta danga gerai funkcionuotų projekte nurodytą laiką. Tačiau metams einant, atlikus daugybę natūrinių ir mokslinių tyrimų, buvo nustatytas didelis santykio tarp KU (QA) bandymų rezultatų ir dangos darbo (funkcionavimo) (plyšių atsiradimo dėl nuovargio, provėžų ir kt.) vertinimo skirtumas. Šiame darbe skatinama plėtoti supratimą apie ryšius tarp KU (QA) bandymų ir lanksčiųjų dangų funkcionavimo, kuris yra nepaprastai svarbus kuriant su darbu (funkcionavimu) susijusias specifikacijas (PRS). Pirmoje darbo dalyje buvo naudojamos Mičigano transporto departamento (MDOT) KU (QA) programos ir ilgalaikės dangos darbo (funkcionavimo) (LTPP) duomenų bazės, siekiant empiriškai ištirti bet kuriuos santykius tarp pagrindinių KU (QA) kintamųjų ir įvairių dangų darbo matavimų. Antroje darbo dalyje buvo naudojama mechanistinio ir empirinio dangų projektavimo vadovo (MEPDG) programinė įranga kartu su tikslia ir efektyvia interpoliacijos technika, siekiant sukurti modelius, kuriuose perteiktas KU (QA) parametrų kintamumo poveikis lanksčiųjų dangų funkcionavimui, įskaitant augalų oro ertmes, vietinį tankį ir asfalto sandarą.

scholarly journals Ion chromatography in the liqueurs and spirits quality control

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Irina Abramova ◽  
Marina Medrish ◽  
Vera Savel'yeva ◽  
Aleksandra Romanova ◽  
Darya Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Microelement Composition ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

In the presented work, the ionic composition of liqueurs and spirits from different manufacturers was investigated. It was found that the ionic composition of studied samples is represented mainly by cations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and anions of chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and sulfates, mass concentrations vary within wide limits, which is explained by the rich microelement composition of receptive components, the specifics of alcoholic beverages and the peculiarities of water treatment of various manufacturers. It was revealed that one of the main reasons for the deterioration in the quality of liqueurs and spirits was the increased content of calcium and magnesium. In some samples, on the contrary, the relationship between the cation-anion composition and precipitation was excluded. Thus, the ion chromatography method is an indispensable modern analytical tool in the finished products quality control. Its use allows you to quickly identify and eliminate the causes of precipitation during storage, thereby increasing the efficiency of technochemical quality control of alcoholic beverages.

scholarly journals ANALISIS LOKASI BUDIDAYA TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KARAGENAN RUMPUT LAUT (KAPPAPHICUS ALVAREZII) DI PERAIRAN TELUK KOSIWO YAPEN – PAPUA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Frice Padawan ◽  
Erni Indrawati ◽  
Sri Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Approaches

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan lokasi budidaya rumput laut Kappaphicus alvarezii dengan kualitas Karagenan rumput laut di perairan Kosiwo Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen - Papua. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Parameter lingkungan dilakukan secara langsung (in-situ) sedangkan menganalisis kandungan karagenan dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan person correlasi untuk menganalisis korelasi antara Parameter lingkungan terhadap kandungan karagenan. Hasil penelitian di perairan Kosiwo Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen-Papua Kualitas  kandungan karagenan rumput laut yaitu Nilai tertinggi di teluk mioka sebesar 11,87% pada awal dan 29,67% pada akhir penelitian, selanjutnya di kamanumpang sebesar 11,65% pada awal dan  26,77% pada akhir sedangkan yang terendah di salawandori sebesar 11,19 pada awal dan 22,77 pada akhir penelitian. korelasi antara faktor lingkungan terhadap kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphicus alvarezii menunjukkan bahwa di Sarawandori dan di Kamanumpang menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan tidak berkolerasi terhadap kandungan karagenan sementara pada Miyokamenunjukkan bahwa suhu perairan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan keragenan terdapat pada. Korelasi antara pertumbuhan dan rendeman karagenan rumput laut K. alvarezii pada tiga lokasi penelitian didpatkan nilai korelasi 0,019 – 0,504. Kandungan rendeman karagenan rumput laut yang terbaik di Teluk Mioka kemudian Kamanumpang dan Terendah di Sarawandori. This study aims to analyze the relationship ofseaweed cultivation location with seaweed Kappaphicus alvareziicarrageenan quality in Kosiwo waters in Yapen Islands Regency - Papua. This research is experimental using quantitative approaches and qualitative approaches. Environmental parameters were carried out directly (in-situ) while analyzing carrageenan content was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory. The data obtained were analyzed using correlated person to analyze the correlation between environmental parameters of carrageenan content. The results of the study in Kosiwo waters in Yapen-Papua Islands Regency The quality of seaweed carrageenan content is the highest value at bay mioka at 11.87% at the beginning and 29.67% at the end of the study, then at the passenger level at 11.65% at the beginning and 26, 77% at the end while the lowest in Salawandori was 11.19 at the beginning and 22.77 at the end of the study. Correlation between environmental factors on the quality of seaweed carrageenan Kappaphicus alvarezii showed that in Sarawandori and in Kamanumpang showed that environmental factors were not correlated with the carrageenan content while in Miyokamen showed that the water temperature had an effect on the content of the agent found in Correlation between growth and rendering ofseaweed carrageenan K. alvarezii in the three study sites was adjusted by a correlation value of 0.019 - 0.504. The best seaweed rendering content in Mioka Bay then Kamanumpang and Lowest in Sarawandori

scholarly journals WATER SALINITY MAPPING OF KARUN BASIN LOCATED IN IRAN USING THE SVR METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
M. Ansari ◽  
M. Akhoondzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Salinity ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Karun River ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Water salinity is a complex issue in coastal and estuarine areas. Currently, remote sensing techniques have been widely used to monitor water quality changes, ranging from river to oceans. The salinity of Karun River has been increasing due to some critical factors, therefore, This study aimed at building regression models to ascertain the water salinity through the relationship between the reflectance of the Landsat-8 OLI and In situ measurements. A total of 102 observed samples were divided into 70% training and 30% test from June 2013 to July 2018 along the Karun River. Spectral signature analysis showed that band 1 - Coastal/Aerosol (0.433–0.453 μm), band 2 - Blue (0.450–0.515 μm) and band 3 - Green (0.525–0.600 μm) are sensitive to salinity . Furthermore, to have a comprehensive investigation, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method was applied. The outcomes related to the quality of the SVR depend on several factors e.g. proper setting of the SVR meta-parameters, therefore, to deal with this issue Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied. The SVR model resulted in values of R2 and RMSE for test data which are respectively obtained to be 0.7 and 390 μs cm−1. Eventually, Karun water salinity maps were prepared by SVR method to demonstrate the Karun water salinity on 1 February 2015 and 5 September 2018.

BORON CONCENTRATION IN THE SOIL SOLUTION UNDER IRRIGATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. JAME ◽  
W. NICHOLAICHUK ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
The Relationship

Current irrigation water criteria for boron (B) are based upon the B concentration of either the irrigation water or the soil saturation extract. The effects of the leaching fraction (LF) and the boron adsorption capacity (BAC) of the soil upon the soil solution concentration have not been considered. The objectives of this paper were (i) to develop a predictive model relating soil solution B concentration at equilibrium to the B concentration in irrigation water and the LF, and (ii) to show how the relationship between the B concentration of the soil solution under field conditions and the B concentration of the soil saturation extract can be modelled. The predictive model, derived from the mass balance concept, indicated that at equilibrium the value of the soil solution B in well-drained soil would be close to that of irrigation water, at the soil surface and will increase with depth with the highest value being near the bottom of the root zone where its magnitude is determined primarily on the degree of leaching. For irrigation water concentrations between 0.5 and 10 mg B/L, the weighted average B concentration of the soil solution in the profile of an alfalfa field would be about 1.9–2.7 times the irrigation water concentration at a LF of 0.1; it would be 1.4–1.9 times for a LF of 0.25; and 1.3–1.5 times for a LF of 0.4. The model of the relationship between soil solution B at field capacity and saturation extract B indicates the importance of the BAC of the soil. Without considering BAC, the ratio between the two would be 2. However, the model indicates that the ratio ranges from 1.0 to 1.8 depending upon the B concentration in the solution and the BAC of the soil. This suggests that the B concentration of the soil saturation extract does not provide a true representation of the soil solution B. In assessing B toxicity, the saturation extract concentration should be converted to the soil solution concentration at the actual water content of the soil.

Profile Imaging of Silicon Surface Reconstructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
G.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Bulk Structure ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy at 0.2nm point-to-point resolution, 10-10 torr specimei region vacuum and facilities for in-situ specimen cleaning presents intere; ing possibilities for surface structure determination. Three methods for examining the surfaces are available: reflection (REM), transmission (TEM) and profile imaging. Profile imaging is particularly useful because it giv good resolution perpendicular as well as parallel to the surface, and can therefore be used to determine the relationship between the surface and the bulk structure.

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