Assessing soil salinity using remote sensing in Campo de Cartagena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo ◽  
Juan José Alarcón Cabañero ◽  
Pedro Pérez Cutillas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
Campo De Cartagena

<p>A pioneering study in Murcia within the framework of the ASSIST (Use of Advanced information technologies for Site-Specific management of Irrigation and SaliniTy with degraded water) research project, seeks to lay the foundations for a new integrated system for the assessment of salinity through combined use of traditional techniques (soil and plant sampling) and new technologies (multispectral aerial videography or satellite observation; and image analysis) to help quantify and map soil salinization / degradation and the effects of soil-plant interactions (salinity-toxicity) on the growth and yield of irrigated crops. In this sense, the initial objective was to evaluate the salinity of the soil and the development of lettuces irrigated with unconventional water resources through thermal and multispectral images. Different soil and plant salinity indices were studied, observing that the temperature (on plant) and salinity index (SI) (on soil), had a moderate correlation with the soil salinity. Although the results obtained have been encouraging, more research is needed to develop specific equations capable to predic soil salinity from the values of these indices taken remotely. In this context, a review of the spectral salinity indices has been prepared to be applied at a regional scale. As an experimental area, El Campo de Cartagena located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula has been chosen, since there is intensive irrigated agriculture in a semi-arid environment. Due to this, farmers resort to using non-conventional and saline water sources, consequently the use of saline irrigation water is causing salinization of the soils and damage to the crops. Values from existing salinity records combined with soil salinity data obtained in various plots, provided information that was correlated with time series of Landsat images (1984-2020). Regression models were also applied in which environmental variables provided an improvement in the estimation of soil salinity. The results allowed us to determine the main salinity concentration areas, as well as inputs to establish criteria for improvement in the management of irrigation systems.</p>

Long-term effects of saline irrigation water on 'Valencia' orange trees: relationships between growth and yield, and salt levels in soil and leaves

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Prior ◽  
A. M. Grieve ◽  
K. B. Bevington ◽  
P. G. Slavich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Eastern Australia

This study documents changes in yield, growth, soil salinity (ECe) and leaf sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) concentrations in mature Valencia orange [Citrus sinensis (L.Osbeck)] trees on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) rootstock in response to increased levels of Na and Cl in irrigation water. Four levels of salt, ranging from the river-water control (0.44 dS/m) to 2.50 dS/m, were applied over a 9-year period through an under-tree microsprinkler system to trees in the Sunraysia area of the Murray Valley in south-eastern Australia. A salt-balance model showed that evapotranspiration was reduced by salinity, whereas leaching fractions increased from an average 24% in the control to 51% in the most saline treatment. The high leaching fractions were achieved as a result of freely draining soils and good irrigation management, and allowed us to maintain low to moderate levels of soil salinity throughout the trial and minimised the effect of salt treatment on fruit yield. Soil salinity increased almost linearly in response to irrigation-water salinity during the first year, and fluctuated seasonally thereafter; however, very few readings exceeded 3 dS/m, even in the highest treatments. By contrast, leaf Na and Cl concentrations in the highest salt treatment continued to increase over the first 4 years. The relationship between yield and soil salinity was extremely weak, but yield did decrease as foliar concentrations of Na and Cl increased: in Year 9, leaf Na in the highest treatment relative to the control was associated with a predicted reduction of 17% in yield and 59% in annual trunk-diameter growth.

scholarly journals Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuning Argo Subekti ◽  
Hasil Sembiring ◽  
Erythrina ◽  
Dedi Nugraha ◽  
Bhakti Priatmojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
West Java ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Abstract. Subekti NA, Sembiring H, Erythrina, Nugraha D, Priatmojo B, Nafisah. 2020. Yield of different rice cultivars at two levels of soil salinity under seawater intrusion in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 14-20. A tendency to use saline water in rice production is rising in recent years, but the adaptation of variety under saline conditions is still questionable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of several rice cultivars on the growth and yield of rice under seawater intrusion in West Java. Two salt-tolerant cultivars (Inpari 34 and Inpari 35), two promising lines (PL-1 and PL-2) and two modern cultivars (Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub1) and Sidenuk) were evaluated in two soil salinity levels. In each farmer's field a Randomized Complete Block Design was applied with three replications per treatment. Results showed that Sidenuk and Inpari 30 produced same yield compared to tolerant varieties and promising lines during dry season under moderate soil salinity. There were not much different among the cultivars tested in terms of plant height and tiller number as well as the biomass and harvest index. However, under high soil salinity seed germination, plant height, number of tillers per plant, above-ground biomass, spikelet number, percent of sterile florets and productivity were significantly affected. Saline tolerant varieties Inpari 34 and Inpari 35 showed their superiority compared to non-tolerant varieties. Both varieties produced 40% higher yield than Inpari 30 (Ciherang sub 1) and Sidenuk.

scholarly journals Coupled Irrigation–Drainage Management Practice for HYV Rice Cultivation with Saline-Irrigation Water: Evidence from Lysimeter Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p95
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mojid
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
Main Factor

Irrigation with saline water adversely affects rice production and degrades land productivity in the coastal zones of many countries in the world. This study aimed at developing a suitable irrigation management practice to reduce the harmful effects of salinity on rice production under saline water irrigation. An experiment in raise-bed lysimeters was set in a split-split-plot design with irrigation–drainage practice as the main factor, irrigation water salinity as the sub-factor and rice variety as sub-sub factor; main factor and sub-factor comprised four treatments and the sub-sub factor comprised three treatments, each with three replications. The treatments of the main factor were – T1: 2-5 cm continuous ponding, T2: continuous saturation, T3: changing irrigation water after 3 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth, and T4: changing irrigation water after 5 days of application by maintaining 2-5 cm ponding depth. The sub-factor comprised – SL1: fresh water as control, SL2: saline water of 6 dS m-1, SL3: saline water of 9 dS m-1, and SL4: saline water of 12 dS m-1. The sub-sub factor comprised three salt-tolerant rice varieties V1: Binadhan-8, V2: Binadhan-10, and V3: BRRI dhan-47. The irrigation–drainage practices T2 and T3 provided significantly (p£0.05) improved growth and yield attributes of the rice varieties under salinity water level SL3 and SL4 compared to T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T3 maintained least exposure of the crop to high degree of salinity and produced satisfactory plant attributes by inhibiting the detrimental effects of salinity. Therefore, T3 is suggested for adoption in practical fields when provision for removing high saline water from the rice fields can be arranged.

Effect of saline water on soil salinity and on water stress, growth, and yield of wheat and potatoes

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. van Hoorn ◽  
N. Katerji ◽  
A. Hamdy ◽  
M. Mastrorilli
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stress Growth

Effect of Supplementary Saline Irrigation and Applied Nitrogen on the Performance of Dryland Seeded Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhu Dayal ◽  
P. S. Minhas ◽  
C. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
R. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted for two years to evaluate the effects of combinations of saline irrigation (ECw 14.0 ds m-1) and nitrogen levels on the yield, seasonal water use and nitrogen use efficiencies of mustard. These showed that the use of saline water can boost the growth and yield of dryland mustard and that, within certain limits, a non-saline water supply can be substituted by applying nitrogen and saline water. It is suggested that fertilizer nitrogen rates should be adjusted in relation to the supply of water and its predicted salinity.Irrigación salina y los efectos del nitrógeno en la mostaza sembrada en las tierras de secano

Using highly saline irrigation water for a fodder barley crop

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Irrigation Waters

SUMMARYThe aim of this investigation was to grow barley as a fodder crop under highly saline conditions. Saline irrigation waters with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 2·5, 4·0, 6·0 and 8·0 mmhos/cm respectively were used to irrigate test crops of barley over two growing seasons.It was concluded that in general more highly saline water leads to a considerable increase in soil salinity even over a short period of growth, and a close control of soil salinity through leaching is required. Saline water with an EC of 4·0 mmhos/cm may be utilized without excessively high yield reductions if the soil salinity is well maintained. The saline waters with an EC of 6·0 mmhos/cm and 8·0 mmhos/cm may lead to yield reduction, and they require careful managmeent to control soil salinity build-up.

scholarly journals Assessment of salinity intrusion in coastal districts of Ben Tre province using Landsat 8 image

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Lam N. Le
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Saline Water Intrusion ◽  
Rapid Monitoring

Monitoring and evaluation of saline water intrusion is an important task, especially for agricultural production in Ben Tre province. The paper introduces a new solution in the application of Landsat 8 satellite imagery and field survey data to determine the soil electrical conductivity (EC) for soil salinity assessment through the distribution of EC indice value. Analyzing and establishing the correlation between reflectance value, salinity indices and EC allow selecting a suitable model for the creation of a soil salinity map in 4 levels corresponding to EC values: no salinity (0 - 4), mild (4 - 8), moderate (8 - 16), very salinity (> 16). Research results in 2019 showed that most of the coastal districts of Ben Tre province were salty with EC values ranging from 8 to 16. The salinity decreased gradually from the East Sea to the mainland with the distance from 15 to 25 km. In brief, the study proposed solutions for rapid monitoring and evaluation of soil salinity based on the easy access of Landsat 8 images to calculate the necessary indices in the establishment of soil salinity maps for the local and regional scale.

Irrigation of grapevines with saline water at different growth stages. 1. Effects on soil, vegetative growth, and yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Stevens ◽  
G. Harvey ◽  
D. L. Partington ◽  
B. G. Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Berry Ripening

Mature field-grown grapevines, Colombard on Ramsey rootstock, grown in a semi-arid climate were irrigated with saline water during any one of 4 growth stages within the season: pre-flowering, during berry development, during berry ripening, and post-harvest. At other times, plots were irrigated with river water (EC 0.5 dS/m) as was the control throughout the season. Saline water (EC 3.5 dS/m) with a high sodium absorption ratio was produced by addition of sodium chloride brine. Soil cation exchange capacity was 14 cmolc/kg, and at the end of the trial, the soil exchangeable sodium percentage in the control was 6%, in the treatment salinised pre-flowering 13%, during berry development 20%, during berry ripening 20%, and post-harvest 19%. Treatments were applied for 6 consecutive seasons. Vines were highly productive, with the average yield in the control equal to 62 t/ha of grapes. Saline irrigation caused significant, but small, declines in yield in 3 seasons, in pruning weights in 2 seasons, and in berry weights in 4 seasons. Effects on growth, once established, often persisted unchanged through one or more subsequent seasons of saline irrigation. The growth stage shown to be most sensitive to saline irrigation was berry development; saline irrigation during berry development reduced the yield by 7% and during berry ripening by 3%, and pre-flowering it reduced the berry weight by 1%, during berry development by 6%, and during berry ripening by 4%. The amounts of irrigation applied in each of the 4 growth stages were not equal, and hence, treatments did not receive equal additions of salt. Normalising data to remove this effect showed that the rate of yield decline per unit dS/m increase in the seasonal average salinity during berry development, 7%/dS.m, was 3-fold greater than the 2%/dS.m during berry ripening. We conclude that this scion/rootstock combination, grown under these conditions, can maintain high productivity despite ‘slugs’ of saline irrigation.

scholarly journals Morfofisiologia de porta-enxerto de goiabeira irrigado com águas salinizadas sob doses de nitrogênio

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVANDRO MANOEL DA SILVA ◽  
REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE ◽  
LEANDRO DE PÁDUA SOUZA ◽  
RAILENE HÉRICA CARLOS ROCHA ARAÚJO ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
N Dose

The irrigation with saline water reduces crop growth and yield, resulting in the need of new techniques that enable the use of this natural resource in fruit growing. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation water associated with different nitrogen doses on guava rootstock cv. Paluma morphophysiology. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized blocks design, testing 5 electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four nitrogen doses for fertilization (541.1; 773.0; 1004.9 and 1236.8 mg dm-3), in a 5x4 factorial, with four repetitions. The increase in the ECw from 0.3 dS m-1 negatively affected the morphophysiology of guava rootstock cv. Paluma, especially during the younger phase of the crop. The N dose of 541 mg dm-3 stimulated the increase of most morphophysiological variables in guava rootstock during the period studied. The nitrogen fertilization did not reduced the salt stress effect on the evaluated variables.

Effects of saline irrigation water on soybean yield and soil salinity in the Murrumbidgee Valley

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Beecher
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Second Year

The effect of saline irrigation water on soybean (Glycine max cv. Chaffey) growth and yield is not known for southern Australia. Soybeans were grown on hills, on a transitional red-brown earth, with moderately saline irrigation water (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 dS/m) for 2 seasons. Grain yield was significantly reduced when soybeans were irrigated using water with salinity >0.25 dS/m in the first year and >1.5 dS/m in the second year. The salinity of the upper 75 cm of the soil profile increased with increasing salinity of applied treatments. Salinity levels at depth indicate increased flow beyond the rootzone with increasing salinity of applied water. The use of water >0.5 dS/m is not recommended for soybean cv. Chaffey on sites where soybeans have not previously been grown.

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