Preface of INda

When starting the second issue, We are pleased to share with you the second issue of the "Journal of Interior Design and Academy" (INda) which has started to be published on May 19, 2021 within the scope of Octagon Academy. INda as a magazine which started to be published despite all the negativities caused by the pandemic during the Covid-19 epidemic, continued its academic contributions with the "Online Chats with INda Series" after the first issue. Under the moderation of Assoc. Dr. Osman ARAYICI who is one of the field editors of our magazine, 8 different online chats were broadcast live on an international and national scale with experts in their fields during October and November. INda as a magazine with the aim of making versatile contributions to our country, universities, the field of interior architecture and related disciplines and professionals working in this field through the production and sharing of scientific knowledge, would like to thank you for the interest and support it has received in these studies in its first year. Obviously, there are many feelings to tell about INda, but now in the second issue, 5 articles presented by 9 authors are listed below. BEKAR and DERECİ examine the subject of refunctioning in traditional civil architecture examples in their article titled “Evaluation of The Appropriateness of Space for The New Function in Traditional Housings: The Case of Mehmet Efendi House”. In particular, Mehmet Efendi Mansion evaluates the old space-new function suitability under two headings as "functional spatial suitability" and "environmentally functional suitability". ÇELENK and SÜRDEM's article titled “Continuity of Cultural Memory: From Samsun Tekel Tobacco Factory to Bafra Tobacco Museum” examines the re-functionalization process. The formal and semantic analyzes of the two structures are presented by making comparisons. ERBAY, in the article titled "Balcony as An Architectural Item", makes an inference over the semantic values ​​that “Balcony” covered during the pandemic process that started with the Covid-19 outbreak. ERBAY and ULUSOY examine the “sense” as a term in interior space in their article titled “Senses in The Interiors: An Example of Entrance Spaces at Hospitals”. In the article, the general design principles have been tried to be reached through the given example, and the design tools that can appeal to the senses in the interior are revealed. ATMACA and REYHAN discuss the Cultural Road Project within the scope of adaptive reuse in their article titled “Adaptive Reuse in Restored Historic Buildings: A Field Study in Ünye”. While examining the historical development and architectural features of the selected sample structures, the evaluation of restoration and all perspectives of adaptive reuse that completes this evaluation contributes to the literature. We would like to thank all authors for their contributions to academic production in our field and all our readers for their support. As INda, we welcome all your comments, contributions and suggestions about us. Enjoy our December 2021 issue… Happy New Year…

The Problem of Definites and Possessives

Arguably, definites (for our purposes, pronouns, and demonstratives) and possessives (‘Annie’s bike’) are associated with some sort of implication of uniqueness (for the latter, at least in some uses). That is, there is some sort of implication that these expressions have unique semantic values in context. I argue that this is in tension with these expressions being underspecified, with this tension leading to infelicity in some cases. Yet there are examples of felicitous underspecification involving these expressions. I argue that certain features are present in cases of felicitous underspecification involving these expressions that dampen the tension between their implications of uniqueness and being underspecified, paving the way for felicitous use.

Introduction

It is arguable that the word ‘I’ has a context invariant meaning that suffices to secure semantic values for it in context. Set ‘I’ in a context and its context invariant meaning secures the speaker of the context as its semantic value in that context (at least if there is one). Consider the class of contextually sensitive expressions whose context invariant meanings arguably do ...

Felicitous Underspecification

Felicitous uses of contextually sensitive expressions generally have unique semantic values in context. For example, a felicitous use of the singular pronoun ‘she’ generally has a single female as its unique semantic value in context. In the present work, it is argued that contextually sensitive expressions have felicitous uses where they lack unique semantic values in context. The author calls such uses instances of felicitous underspecification. In these uses, the underspecified expression is associated with a range of candidate semantic values in context. A rule is provided for updating the Stalnakerian common ground when sentences containing felicitous underspecified expressions are uttered and accepted in a conversation. The author also gives an account of the mechanism that associates the range of candidate semantic values in context with an underspecified expression. Sentences containing felicitous underspecified expressions can be embedded in various constructions. The author considers the result of embedding such sentences under negation and verbs of propositional attitude. He also examines the question of why some uses of underspecified expressions are felicitous and others aren’t. This investigation yields the notion of a context being appropriate for a sentence (LF), where a context is appropriate for a sentence containing an underspecified expression if the sentence is felicitous in that context. Finally, some difficulties are covered that arise in virtue of the fact that pronouns and demonstratives have some sorts of implications of uniqueness that clash with their being underspecified.

Felicitous Underspecification and Metasemantics

In cases of felicitous underspecification, instead of having a unique semantic value in context, the relevant expression is associated with a range of candidate semantic values in context. I formulate an account of the mechanism that associates this range of candidate semantic values in context with the relevant expression. I argue that it is the same mechanism that associates expressions with unique semantic values in context in “normal” cases.

Economic Management Data Envelopes Based on the Clustering of Incomplete Data

In this paper, the economic management data envelope is analyzed by an algorithm for clustering incomplete data, a local search method based on reference vectors is designed in the algorithm to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, and a final solution selection method based on integrated clustering is proposed to obtain the final clustering results from the last generation of the solution set. The proposed algorithm and various aspects of it are tested in comparison using benchmark datasets and other comparison algorithms. A time-series domain partitioning method based on fuzzy mean clustering and information granulation is proposed, and a time series prediction method is proposed based on the domain partitioning results. Firstly, the fuzzy mean clustering method is applied to initially divide the theoretical domain of the time series, and then, the optimization algorithm of the theoretical domain division based on information granulation is proposed. It combines the clustering algorithm and the information granulation method to divide the theoretical domain and improves the accuracy and interpretability of sample data division. This article builds an overview of data warehouse, data integration, and rule engine. It introduces the business data integration of the economic management information system data warehouse and the data warehouse model design, taking tax as an example. The fuzzy prediction method of time series is given for the results of the theoretical domain division after the granulation of time-series information, which transforms the precise time-series data into a time series composed of semantic values conforming to human cognitive forms. It describes the dynamic evolution process of time series by constructing the fuzzy logical relations to these semantic values to obtain their fuzzy change rules and make predictions, which improves the comprehensibility of prediction results. Finally, the prediction experiments are conducted on the weighted stock price index dataset, and the experimental results show that applying the proposed time-series information granulation method for time series prediction can improve the accuracy of the prediction results.

تراكيب نحوية في الجملة الاسمية والفعلية ودلالتها في سورة (المؤمنون)

يدخل هذا البحث ضمن مجال الدراسات اللغوية، وتحديدًا النحوية والدلالية. إذ اختص بدراسة الجملة الاسمية والفعلية ودلالتها في سورة (المؤمنون)، واستنباط دلالات هذه التراكيب، واعتمدت فيه منهج الاستقراء التحليلي: إذ يستقري الباحث تراكيب الجملة الاسمية والفعلية في سورة المؤمنون، ثم يعمد إلى تحليلها وبيان دلالتها المعنوية . يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على القيم الدلالية الكامنة في الجملة الاسمية والفعلية في بناء التركيب النحوي، ومحاولة استجلاء المعاني الدلالية المختلفة في الجملة الاسمية والفعلية في حقل التطبيق من القرآن الكريم . إنّ دراسة التركيب النحوي واستقراء دلالته في القرآن الكريم أنجع وسيلة لفهم كلام الله – سبحانه وتعالى- أتمّ فهم، إذ تتكشف أمام الباحث لطائف لغوية ومعنوية عند الوقوف على كلّ تركيب . ودراسة تراكيب الجملة الاسمية والفعلية في سورة واحدة من سور القرآن تعمّق إدراك القارئ لبديع النظم القرآني، فيلاحظ اختلاف التراكيب ظاهرًا، واتّفاقها في الدلالة باطنًا، وذلك يعزّز المعنى المنشود من مجيء هذا النظم خاصة . الكلمات الدالة: التركيب النحوي، الجملة الاسمية والجملة الفعلية، دلالة الجملة الاسمية والفعلية. Abstract This is one of researches which comes within the field of linguistic studies, specifically grammatical and semantic. The research is specialized in the study of the semantic values inherent in the grammatical structure of some nominal and adverbial sentences, and devising the meanings of these semantic structures, I adopted the method of analytical induction. The researcher extrapolates the grammatical structures in some nominal and adverbial sentences in Surat Al-Muminun, and then proceed to analyze them، and statement its linguistic indication. The aim of this research is to shed light on the semantic values inherent in the grammatical structure of some nominal and adverbial sentences, and a trial to elucidate the different semantic meanings of different linguistic methods in the application field of the Holy Quran. The study of the grammatical structure and the extrapolation of its indication in the Holy Quran is the most effective method to understand the words of God – Glory be to him – the best understanding, As the researcher unfolds before the linguistic and moral groups when standing on each structure. The study of the grammatical structures in some nominal and adverbial sentences in one Surah of the Qur'an, deepening the reader's awareness of the Exquisite pronunciation of the Qur'anic composing, it is noted the different structures virtually and their agreed in indication inwardly. This reinforces the desired meaning from coming jurisdiction of these exquisite words without another. Kew words: grammatical structures, nominal and adverbial sentences, semantic values.

Verbes français préfixés en „sur-” et leurs équivalents lexicographiques polonais

The present paper belongs to the stream of the verbal prefixation contrastive studies. It aims at conducting a short investigation of French verbs prefixed by sur- and their Polish equivalents found in the “Great French-Polish Dictionary”. In the first part, selected theoretical approaches concerning the French prefix sur- are presented, with particular attention to the semantic-based theories by Danny Amiot and Kristel Van Goethem. The second part focuses on the results of the contrastive French-Polish analysis of 48 verbs distributed into 9 semantic categories: excess, intensity, repetition, posteriority, simultaneity, spatial superiority, hierarchical superiority, notional uses, and lexicalized uses. The goal is to show what linguistic means (grammatical and/or lexical) the Polish language utilizes to express different semantic values conveyed by the French prefix sur- in each of the listed categories. Consequently, the Polish equivalents are divided into several classes, of which the most relevant are: verbs prefixed by prze- and do-, prepositional constructions (with the prepositions na and nad), and periphrastic adverbial constructions.

A Contextualist Account of Moral Responsibility

If the ability analysis of control is correct, it demonstrates that abilities are pivotal to an account of the control required for moral responsibility. But the precise details do not matter for the argument of the last two chapters. All that requires is the much less contentious claim that abilities to do otherwise are part of an analysis of robust control. If this is so, then the issue of the consequences of a contextualist theory of agential modals for a theory of moral responsibility arises. The aim of this chapter is to begin exploring these consequences. The first four sections outline a positive case for the view that our attributions of moral responsibility have different semantic values relative to different contexts of utterance. This argument draws upon the preceding considerations, semantic evidence, the argument from manipulation, and experimental data regarding our folk intuitions. The chapter ends by contrasting the resulting contextualist analysis of moral responsibility with an alternative proposal, offered by Björnsson and Persson.

Alguns adjuntos temporais com especial relevância para a tradução inglês-português: o caso de since-desde e expressões afins

This paper addresses the semantic analysis of polyvalent temporal adjuncts headed by (mainly) English since and Portuguese desde, and problems in translation from English to Portuguese. Four semantic values of the single operator since are considered (the second and fourth of which are not normally considered autonomously in the English literature) – durative location, derived durative location (in association with adjunct-triggered Aktionsart shift), simple inclusive location and temporal circumscription of quantification. Furthermore, the typically monovalent phrase ever since and the bivalent phrase long since are also taken into account. The fact the Portuguese desde – contrary to English since – is not normally associated with simple inclusive locations is the source of many translation problems. Other interesting grammatical issues, involving long since, are also addressed. The translation data is obtained from the website linguee.com (where six different types of problems are found), and the semantic analysis is made with the logic of the Discourse Representation Theory, elaborating on my previous work, Móia (2000).