scholarly journals Verbes français préfixés en „sur-” et leurs équivalents lexicographiques polonais

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Michał Hrabia
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Semantic Values ◽  
Linguistic Means

The present paper belongs to the stream of the verbal prefixation contrastive studies. It aims at conducting a short investigation of French verbs prefixed by sur- and their Polish equivalents found in the “Great French-Polish Dictionary”. In the first part, selected theoretical approaches concerning the French prefix sur- are presented, with particular attention to the semantic-based theories by Danny Amiot and Kristel Van Goethem. The second part focuses on the results of the contrastive French-Polish analysis of 48 verbs distributed into 9 semantic categories: excess, intensity, repetition, posteriority, simultaneity, spatial superiority, hierarchical superiority, notional uses, and lexicalized uses. The goal is to show what linguistic means (grammatical and/or lexical) the Polish language utilizes to express different semantic values conveyed by the French prefix sur- in each of the listed categories. Consequently, the Polish equivalents are divided into several classes, of which the most relevant are: verbs prefixed by prze- and do-, prepositional constructions (with the prepositions na and nad), and periphrastic adverbial constructions.

scholarly journals Wielotomowa gramatyka konfrontatywna języka bułgarskiego i polskiego

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Violetta Koseska-Toszewa
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Logical Theory ◽  
Modal Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Order Of Elements ◽  
Language Description

Multi-volume Polish-Bulgarian Confrontative GrammarPolish-Bulgarian Confrontative Grammar (GKBP) is the first and so far the only expanded attempt to make the semantic confrontation with the gradually developed interlanguage. GKBP consists of 9 volumes which were published in 12 volumen. It was decided to arrange the description of Polish-Bulgarian confrontative grammar in the direction from the contents to the form. The semantic interlanguage enabled the emergence of two equivalent grammars: the grammar of the modern Bulgarian language and the grammar of the modern Polish language. The analysis of semantic categories, which was applied in GKBP, ensures the coherent confrontative description, irrespective of whether the described languages have grammatical exponent of meanings or not. GKBP falls into the stream of modern theoretical confrontative research based on the logical theory of quantification, on the modern theory of processes titled „Petri nets”, and on the theory of logical predicate-argument structures. Our research removes the exact division into grammatical and lexical levels, thanks to which our research has introduced a lot of new observations of the examined phenomena. Universal semantic linguistic categories such as the time, the modality, the definiteness / the indefiniteness and the semantic case – which are essential for the language description, but have not yet been examined and have not been sufficiently described in the academic grammars of the Polish and Bulgarian languages – have been selected. The sequence of description in this synthesis was established not on the basis of order of developed volumes of GKBP, but on the basis of the generally accepted order of elements of the semantic structure of the sentence. The most external in the semantic structure of the sentence is its modal characteristics. Thereafter, the time, quantifiers and their order in the semantic structure of the sentence as well as the predicate-argument items are placed. Therefore, it is not an abbreviated summary of the issues analyzed in GKBP volumes. It is the description of selected semantic categories organized in accordance with the semantic order of the semantic structure of the Polish and Bulgarian sentences.

The Oxford Handbook of Modality and Mood

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
First Language ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Language Groups

This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood and examines the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the phenomena involved. Following an opening section that provides an introduction and historical background to the topic, the volume is divided into five parts. Parts 1 and 2 present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.

scholarly journals Galanty i galancie jako leksykalne wykładniki stopnia natężenia cechy w gwarach i polszczyźnie ogólnej.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10/2020(779)) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Irena Jaros
Keyword(s):  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Polish Language

The author presents the functions of the lexical exponents of gradations with a dialectal origin, namely of: the adjective galanty and the averbs galancie, galancio, galanto in the colloquial Polish language and Polish dialects. Based on dialectal and general Polish data coming from published works (dictionaries, atlases, dialectal monographs) and unpublished collections of vocabulary, she discusses their gradational meanings falling into three semantic categories: sufficiency (e.g. galancie osób pojechało (‘quite many’ people have gone)), completeness (e.g. zupa galanta (‘quite a good’ soup)), and intensity (e.g. galancie wąski (a ‘very’ narrow)). The identifi cation of the meanings of the discussed forms as exponents of the intensity of a characteristic is, in most cases, conditioned on the context. They express various values of many gradational characteristics which are extracted while being actualised in a sentence. Due to their limited distribution (mainly Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Łęczyce and Sieradz Land, northern Lesser Poland, Masovia, Chełmno and Dobrzyń Land) and presence in the colloquial Polish language, the discussed forms can be classifi ed as regionalisms with a dialectal origin.

scholarly journals Conventional vs unconventional linguistic means of address. (Old and new greetings in Romanian)

Diacronia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Felecan
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Semantic Values ◽  
Theoretical Apparatus ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Situational Constraints

Among the linguistic mechanisms that individuals employ in the process of communication, one can also find means of address. Of these, an important role is played by greetings. This study is aimed at identifying a series of forms / formulas of greeting used in contemporary Romanian public space and analysing them from a structural and functional perspective (with reference to their contextual pragmatic values). Alongside established (grammaticalised / clichéd) units, other forms will be recorded, conveying new semantic values that are determined by situational constraints. Thus, a distinction will be made between two linguistic means of greeting: conventional ones (stylistically neutral and used by the entire community of locutors) and unconventional ones (recent imports, mostly in English, calques, which recreate the original pattern or are borrowed from the source language without any changes and are employed with an ironic or persuasive intention). The corpus will be taken from the Internet. Methodologically, the study will use the theoretical apparatus pertaining to psycho- and sociolinguistics, pragmatics, ethnology, and anthropology.

Indefiniteness and Specificity

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Von Heusinger
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Category Specificity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Standard Tests ◽  
Linguistic Means

The semantic–pragmatic category ‘specificity’ is used to describe various semantic and pragmatic contrasts of indefinite noun phrases. This chapter will first provide a brief illustration of different linguistic means to express these contrasts in different languages. Second, it will categorize different types of specificity according to the semantic and pragmatic contexts in which they can be found. The standard tests for these different kinds of specificity are also discussed. In the third section a comparison is made between four families of theoretical approaches to specificity and the chapter concludes with the notion that specificity can be best understood by ‘referential anchoring’.

scholarly journals Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness: integration and functional identity of semantic categories

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kiklewicz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Quantification Model

Abstract The reference theory popular in 1970-1990s, which aimed at integrating various forms of semantic determination of lexical units of the language analysed from the syntax perspective, provides the starting point for the author. Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness were treated in numerous publications from that period as varieties of the same semantic category, i.e. determination of the referential status of nominal groups. The author assumes that both categories demonstrate functional independence, therefore their exponents form opposites. Consequently, the quantification model of definiteness/indefiniteness, cultivated by some researchers, is not supported in the language material, being rather a strictly logical structure. At the same time, the author demonstrates that certain relations and dependencies occur between the two categories. Four aspects of such dependencies: selection, implication, collocation and derivation, are examined in the paper using Polish language materials and materials of other European languages.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o nieodnotowanych w słownikach współczesnej polszczyzny formacjach feminatywnych

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Witaszek-Samborska
Keyword(s):  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Social Use ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Google Search ◽  
National Corpus

Słowa, słowa... Czy je znasz? edited by Teresa Smółkowa (Kraków 2013), despite the fact that it has been recorded the male equivalents (eg. lack of forms jajcara, siecioholiczka, zasiłkowiczka, although there are jajcarz, siecioholik, zasiłkowicz). The authors proved the presence of such potential female names in the National Corpus of Polish and on the Internet using Google search. Of the 263 units unrecorded in the lexicon until 218 are present – with varying attendance – in the tested texts. This means that these female names are present in the social use. They do not limit themselves to the female equivalent of male names of professions. They also include semantic categories such as sports and hobbies, and names: representatives of certain attitudes and beliefs, women with specific characteristics of mental (including addicted women) and physical (including sick women), Internet users (including online offenders). These names are the result of suffixal derivation, mainly using the suffix -ka, eg. erasmuska < erasmus, netoholiczka < netoholik (but also such as: -ini/-yni, -ica/-yca, -anka and -ara), and the paradigmatic derivation, eg. dredziara < dredziarz, sprawna inaczej < sprawny inaczej. Functioning described in the article female names in the social circuit is proof that in the past ten years there has been a significant change in the Polish language in the pragmatic aspects of the nomination of women.

scholarly journals Poznańskie regionalne czasowniki i frazeologizmy związane z czynnościami fizjologicznymi oraz stanem fizycznym człowieka

2010 ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowicz ◽  
◽  
Małgorzata Witaszek-Samborska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Taboo Words ◽  
Lexical Items

The authors of the article present the analysis of about 100 Poznan regional lexical items that are verbal in nature and are connected with man’s physiological functions and physical condition, and which are registered in Słownik gwary miejskiej Poznania [Poznan Urban Slang Dictionary] edited by Monika Gruchmanowa and BogdanWalczak. The analysis of semantic categories represented by such verbs and idioms reveals that negatively evaluated functions and conditions (here: weakness, disability, handicap, tiredness, gluttony, etc.) as well as taboo words (such as pregnancy, excretion or intoxication) are much more frequently subject to designation. The above evaluation is combined with the fact that the analyzed lexemes belong to the expressive register of Poznan regionalisms. The anthropocentric character of the lexis quoted in the article and its emotional undertones influence a relatively stable status of these regionalisms in Poznan residents’ spoken language. A formal structure of the lexis belonging to the above thematic group, i.e. the presence of archaisms, dialectisms and germanisms therein, reflects the origin of Poznan regional variety of the Polish language.

scholarly journals Dimensions of intonation. Wiktor Jassem’s contribution to the studies on the melody of speech

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Maciej Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
British English ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Written Materials ◽  
Present Text ◽  
General Perspective

AbstractIntonation is often considered the most problematic component of prosody. It may largely contribute to the meaning of an utterance and provide rich indexical information. The complexity of the intonationrelated phenomena, from the acoustic level up to the cognitive process of semiosis, resulted in a variety of conceptualisations and divergent theoretical approaches. In the present text, an attempt is made to sketch the late Wiktor Jassem’s contribution to intonation studies, starting from his early work on colloquial British English to the studies focused on the Polish language as well as his general perspective on prosody and on the methods of its exploration. Some of his unpublished contribution to research projects on various aspects of prosody is also acknowledged. The present overview is based both on available written materials (publications, references, reports, reviews) and the author’s personal communication with Wiktor Jassem and his collaborators.

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