Identification of Socioeconomic Variables Responsible for Obesity Kidney Disease among Bangladeshi Adults

The information presented here were the analytical results observed from data collected in investigating 995 Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above. The objective of the investigation was to identify socioeconomic variables which enhance the health hazard obesity kidney disease. The analysis indicated that this health problem was noted among 6.2% respondents and it was predominant among males, non-Muslims, elderly people, lower level educated adults, people belonged to families of medium economy, smokers, adults involved in sedentary activities, diabetic and hypertensive respondents. The prevalence rates among these respondents were 0.074, 0.088, 0.188, 0.099, 0.098, 0.088, 0.075, 0.075 and 0.186, respectively. However, all these socioeconomic variables were not similarly responsible for obesity kidney disease among the adults. The most responsible variable was family expenditure followed by family income, physical labour, age, process food consumption, hypertension and duration of diabetes. These variables were identified by factor analysis.

97 An insight into the piglet’s microbial colonization evolution: From birth towards weaning

The aim of the present study was to explore the evolution of piglet gut microbiota from birth to weaning. Moreover, it was hypothesized that different farm environments could condition this process. Two farms, distinct in their use of antibiotics, and 10 litters per farm were selected. A total of 100 fecal samples were obtained from the same pig of each litter on d2, d7, d14 and d21 of lactation and d14 after weaning. The DNA was extracted by using the PSP® Spin Stool DNA Kit and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region) performed by Illumina MiSeq Platform. Bioinformatics and biostatistical analysis were performed with QIIME and the open-source software R v3.5.3. (phyloseq package). Alpha diversity was strongly affected by age (P< 0.001), with an increasing richness of species through time. Beta diversity decreased after weaning (P< 0.001), suggesting a convergent evolution among individuals. Regarding the structure of the microbiota, a clear clustering of the samples according to age was observed (P< 0.001). A progressive decrease was observed as the piglets aged for Clostridiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Streptococcaceae (P< 0.001). In contrast, Lachnospiraceae (P=0.003), Lactobacillaceae (P=0.003) and Veillonellaceae (P=0.025) increased along the d7–d14 period, but decreased afterwards. Campylobacteraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcaceae (P< 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P=0.005) gradually increased with age reflecting the change from a milk-oriented microbiome towards a butyrate-producing one. Regarding the impact of the farm, differences in species richness were found and also a distinct microbial structure (ANOSIM: P=0.025) associated to changes in some particular taxonomic groups. In conclusion, during the transition from birth to weaning, the pig microbiota showed a relevant succession of microbial groups towards a more stable ecosystem better adapted to the dry feed. In this relevant early-age process differences between farms seems to have a limited impact.

Effects of the Age Process on Aggregate Discounted Claims

In this document, we examine the effects of the age process on aggregate discounted claims by studying the conditional raw and joint moments, the moment generating function and the distribution function of the increments of compound renewal sums with discounted claims, taking into account the past experience of an insurance portfolio.

Penyisihan Limbah Organik Air Lindi TPA Jatibarang Menggunakan Koagulasi-Flokulasi Kimia

Air lindi yang meresap ke dalam tanah yang berpotensi bercampur dengan air tanah sehingga menimbulkan pencemaran tanah, air tanah dan air permukaan. Komposisi limbah lindi dari berbagai TPA berbeda-beda bergantung pada musim, jenis limbah, umur TPA. Proses dalam TPA menghasilkan molekul organik recalcitrant yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya rasio BOD/COD dan tingginya nilai NH3-N. Belum optimalnya pengolahan air lindi di Jatibarang membutuhkan pretreatment sebagai bentuk upaya alternatif dalam proses pengolahan air lindi sebelum masuk ke dalam proses aerated lagun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh koagulan kimia pada penyisihan bahan organik air lindi TPA Jatibarang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April- Agustus 2016. Karaktersitik air lindi TPA Jatibarang termasuk dalam kategori "moderately stable" dan lindi muda. Penyisihan bahan organik dengan menggunakan kuagulan kimia FeCl3 dan Al2SO4 menunjukkan nilai yang cukup signifikan untuk parameter COD, BOD, TSS. Penggunaan dosis optimal terjadi pada 16 g/L FeCl3 serta 16 g/L Al2SO4 dapat menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 51% dan 65%, BOD sebesar 50% dan 56%, dan TSS sebesar 24% dan 21%. Perubahan nilai pH akibat penambahan koagulan berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat penyisihan, namun memberikan dampak negatif yaitu buih yang cukup banyak. Penurunan beban organik menguntungkan bagi sistem pengolahan lindi eksisting TPA Jatibarang. [Title: Removal of Lindi Water Organic Waste of TPA Jatibarang using Chemical Coagulation- Floculation] Leachate grounding into the soil that potentially could mix with the groundwater caused contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. The composition of waste landfill leachate from the various location is depending on the season, the type of waste, and landfill age. Process in the TPA produces recalcitrant organic molecules as indicated by the low ratio of BOD/COD and NH3-N high value. The ineffective treatment of leachate at Jatibarang require a pretreatment as a form of alternative effort in the processing of leachate prior to entry into the aerated lagoon process. This study aims to analyze the influence of chemical coagulants on grounding organic material Jatibarang landfill leachate. The study was conducted in April-August 2016. Jatibarang landfill leachate characteristics were categorized as "moderately stable" and young leachate. Allowance for organic materials using chemical coagulants of FeCl3 and Al2SO4 showed significant values for the parameters of COD, BOD, and TSS. The use of optimal dose occurs at 16 g/L FeCl3 and 16 g/L Al2SO4 which can reduce the COD value by 51% and 65%, BOD by 50% and 56%, and TSS at 24% and 21%. PH value changes due to the addition of coagulant positive effect on the level of the allowance, but a negative effect that is quite a lot of froth. The decline in organic load favorable for existing landfill leachate treatment systems Jatibarang.