Motion Analysis for Jumping Discus Throwing Correction

The purpose of this study was to explore the kinematical characteristics of jumping discus throwing. Eight male right-handed discus throwers who used to practice the jumping throwing technique were recruited as participants. Two high-speed digital cameras with 120 Hz sampling rate were synchronized to capture the movement. The captured images were processed using a motion analysis suite, and the markers attached to joints on images were digitized manually. Based on the results, throwers should keep smaller the shoulder–hip twisting and the right anterior superior iliac spine (abbreviated: ASIS) in front of the right acromion (for right-handed throwers) from the instant the right foot lands to the instant the left foot lands, before the instant of the right foot lands; keep the discus at a depressed position; and reduce the time before discus release, particularly the time of the non-support phase and the second single-support phase. Additionally, release velocity must be improved because throwing distance is directly proportional to squared release velocity. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated comprehensive kinematical analyses, which can be used to instruct the jumping discus throwing technique with duration and angle characteristics of throwing movement for athletes by coaches with videos.

Bony landmarks, distances and their correlations to each other, which can be used during periacetabular osteotomy: a CT study performed on dysplastic hips

As a surgical technique for hip dysplasia, Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) still poses technical difficulties and unclear surgical steps like the depth of the first ‘ischial’ cut, the start of the iliac cut and the width of the retroacetabular cut to prevent either iatrogenic joint entrance or posterior column fracture. Twenty-seven dysplastic hips (CE < 25°) were randomly matched with nondysplastic hips (n: 27, CE > 25°). 3D CT sections of the hips were evaluated and the width of the ischium, the distance from the infra-acetabular groove to the ischial spine, from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the joint or sciatic notch or the sciatic spine, from the most medial point at the acetabulum to the posterior column, ischial spine or sciatic notch were measured for each group and correlated. The distances (mm) from the infra-acetabular groove to the ischial spine (42 ± 4, 44 ± 4, P: 0.03), the anterior superior iliac spine to the joint (52 ± 6, 60 ± 3, P: 0.03), the most medial point at the acetabulum to the posterior column (34 ± 2, 36 ± 2, P: 0.005) were shorter in the dysplastic group. The distance from the ASIS to the sciatic notch was correlated with the distance from the infra-acetabular groove to the ischial spine, from the ASIS to the joint and the most medial point at the acetabulum to the posterior column. The distance from the ASIS to the sciatic notch can be used intraoperatively to guess the X-ray guided or blindly osteotomized stages to predict the width or depth of the osteotomy to prevent intraarticular extension or posterior column fracture.

Variations in the Circumflex Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery - A Cadaveric Study

BACKGROUND The external iliac artery passes behind the inguinal ligament into the front of the thigh as the femoral artery (FA). The FA gives off many branches both superficial and deep. The profunda femoris artery (PFA) is one of the deep branches given off in the femoral triangle in front of the thigh. The PFA gives off the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) and the lateral circumflex femoral arteries (LCFA) and continues downwards giving off the first, second and third perforating arteries. The PFA terminates as the fourth perforating artery. Many variations in the circumflex branches of the PFA have been found by various authors. These variations are of great significance during procedures done in front part of the thigh. METHODS This is a descriptive cadaveric study. We dissected the thighs of 57 embalmed bodies. We looked for the medial (MCFA) and lateral (LCFA) circumflex arteries which are branches of PFA. Each artery was followed till its termination. The distance of their origin from the point of the origin of PFA from the FA was measured and noted. The distance between pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine was measured using black silk and measuring scale. The midpoint was marked using skin marking pen and an incision extending from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic symphysis was made. Another incision was made from the above midpoint to the midpoint of a horizontal incision at the level of knee joint. Femoral sheath was identified and incised. Femoral artery, profunda femoris artery and its circumflex branches were identified. The modes of origin of MCFA and LCFA were noted. The distance of origin of these from the origin of PFA were measured. Variations in the branching pattern of MCFA and LCFA were looked for and noted down. RESULTS We found that in 83 % of the total cases MCFA took origin from PFA and its origin was from the FA in 13 %. In 84 % of total cases LCFA arose from PFA on the right side and 70 % on the left side. A common stump of origin was noted in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS Medial and lateral circumflex branches of PFA exhibit wide variations. KEY WORDS Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery, Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery, Variations in Origin and Branching

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Inflammatory Parameters in HIV Patients Treated with Antiretrovirals

Antiretroviral administration affects weight gain and inflammation in HIV patients. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of body mass index with inflamation parameters in HIV patients who ARV therapy. In 40 HIV patients (stage III-IV) treated with ARV (FDC 87%, Durival Efaviren 7.5%, Tenofovir, Huviral, Aluvia 2.5%, and Tenofovir, Huviral, Neviral 2.5%) conducted observational analytics with crosssectional design. CD4 examination was carried out flowcytometrically, BMI measured by formula weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2), waist circumference (WC) measured by ribbon between costae arcus and anterior superior iliac spine, albumin measurement with Brom Cresol Green (BCG) method. There is a significant correlation between BMI with WC and CD4 (r=0.61, p<0.001 and r=0.38, p<0.001, respectively). There is no correlation between BMI and duration of ARV treatment, albumin and leptin. ARV treatment in HIV patients will affect weight and inflammatory markers.

Bilateral anterior superior iliac spine apophysis avulsion fractures in a skeletally mature patient: case report and literature review

We present a case of bilateral anterior superior iliac spine avulsion fractures in an adult patient who was involved in a road traffic collision. Her injuries were managed conservatively and she has had an uncomplicated recovery with a good outcome. This is, to our knowledge, the only reported case of bilateral simultaneous anterior superior iliac spine apophyseal avulsion fractures in an adult.

A cadaveric study on the variations of the profunda femoris artery in South India

Background: The knowledge of the variations in the branching patterns of the arteries in the femoral triangle is important to avoid iatrogenic injury to the vessels during clinical procedures. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to explore the varying positions of the origin of the profunda femoris artery from the femoral artery. Materials and Methods: We have dissected the thighs of 60 embalmed bodies. The midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis was marked (midinguinal point). The distance of the point of origin of profunda femoris artery (PFA) from the femoral artery (FA) to the midinguinal point (MIP) was measured by black silk thread and scale. The relation of PFA to FA at its origin was noted. Results: In the majority of the cases, the PFA was found to arise posterolaterally from the FA. In 63.3% of the cases, PFA was found to arise posterolaterally from the FA, while in 21.5% of cases it took origin laterally from it. In majority of the cases, the PFA arose at a distance of 3-6 cms from midinguinal point while a considerable number originated more distally. Conclusion: PFA exhibits significant variations. Posterolateral origin from FA was the most common mode of origin.

Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Sartorius Muscles: Treating Spasticity With Botulinum Neurotoxin

This study aimed to detect the idyllic locations for botulinum neurotoxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular neural distributions of the sartorius muscles. A altered Sihler’s staining was conducted on sartorius muscles (15 specimens). The nerve entry points and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (0%) to the medial femoral epicondyle (100%). Intramuscular neural distribution were densely detected at 20–40% and 60–80% for the sartorius muscles. The result suggests that the treatment of sartorius muscle spasticity requires botulinum neurotoxin injections in particular locations. These locations, corresponding to the locations of maximum arborization, are suggested as the most safest and effective points for botulinum neurotoxin injection.