Assessment of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles in orthopedic treatment with partial removable plate prostheses

Relevance. According to a number of authors, it is known that full adaptation to complete removable dentures occurs within 3 months [3–5, 9]. The main criterion for patients getting used to removable dentures is the synchronization of the work of the masticatory muscles and, as a consequence, the normalization of the chewing function.The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles in patients using the CSPP.Materials and methods. In patients of the control (n = 23) and main (n = 63) groups, electromyographic examination was performed using the electroneuromyographic system "Synapsis" (Neurotechnology, Russia). Registration of the bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles was carried out directly on the day of applying the prostheses, after 1 and 3 months, respectively.Results and discussion. The electromyographic indices of the masticatory muscles in the patients of the control group decreased within one month after the treatment and amounted to 231 ± 18.2 μV for the right and 229 ± 16.1 μV for the left proper chewing muscles. The values were also reduced for the right and left temporal muscles – 228 ± 15.2 μV and 225 ± 24.1 μV (p < 0.05). It should be noted that the electromyographic parameters in patients of the main group were comparable to the lower limit of the norm and amounted to 269 ± 16.5 μV and 256 ± 20.4 μV, respectively, after one month of treatment.Conclusions. In the treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint with the use of thermoplastic prostheses, an increase in the biopotentials of the masticatory muscles is observed. In the orthopedic treatment of patients with terminal dentition defects using thermoplastic prostheses, the electromyographic parameters of the masticatory muscles are most close to normal after 3 months of using these prostheses.

Preliminary Result on the Direct Assessment of Perceptible Simultaneous Luminance Dynamic Range

The human visual system is capable of adapting across a very wide dynamic range of luminance levels; values up to 14 log units have been reported. However, when the bright and dark areas of a scene are presented simultaneously to an observer, the bright stimulus produces significant glare in the visual system and prevents full adaptation to the dark areas, impairing the visual capability to discriminate details in the dark areas and limiting simultaneous dynamic range. Therefore, this simultaneous dynamic range will be much smaller, due to such impairment, than the successive dynamic range measurement across various levels of steady-state adaptation. Previous indirect derivations of simultaneous dynamic range have suggested between 2 and 3.5 log units. Most recently, Kunkel and Reinhard reported a value of 3.7 log units as an estimation of simultaneous dynamic range, but it was not measured directly. In this study, simultaneous dynamic range was measured directly through a psychophysical experiment. It was found that the simultaneous dynamic range is a bright-stimulus-luminance dependent value. A maximum simultaneous dynamic range was found to be approximately 3.3 log units. Based on the experimental data, a descriptive log-linear model and a nonlinear model were proposed to predict the simultaneous dynamic range as a function of stimulus size with bright-stimulus luminance-level dependent parameters. Furthermore, the effect of spatial frequency in the adapting pattern on the simultaneous dynamic range was explored. A log parabola function, representing a traditional Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), fitted the simultaneous dynamic range data well.

Aspects of psychological training in alpine skiing at the age of 14-16

The purpose of this research is to signal the importance of mental training which consists in developing those aspects of the athlete's psycho-behavioral activity that condition him an effective conduct in training both in terms of full adaptation to stress and stress, and in terms of technical and tactical perfection. In this sense, we start from the premise that psychological monitoring in performance sports in general and in alpine skiing in general through objective investigations and evaluations, determine the achievement of superior results both in the training of athletes and in competition

Efficient sampling and noisy decisions

Human decisions are based on finite information, which makes them inherently imprecise. But what determines the degree of such imprecision? Here, we develop an efficient coding framework for higher-level cognitive processes in which information is represented by a finite number of discrete samples. We characterize the sampling process that maximizes perceptual accuracy or fitness under the often-adopted assumption that full adaptation to an environmental distribution is possible, and show how the optimal process differs when detailed information about the current contextual distribution is costly. We tested this theory on a numerosity discrimination task, and found that humans efficiently adapt to contextual distributions, but in the way predicted by the model in which people must economize on environmental information. Thus, understanding decision behavior requires that we account for biological restrictions on information coding, challenging the often-adopted assumption of precise prior knowledge in higher-level decision systems.

RESOURCE APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF A MENTORING SYSTEM IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT PROVIDE DENTAL CARE TO THE POPULATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF MAU "SP № 12"

Subject. Mentoring is a resource for the development of a medical institution and an integral element of personnel policy, a means of psychological adaptation and training of medical workers who were first hired by a health institution after graduation. Its importance is due to the need to develop professional and personal qualities of a member of this team to a certain level for full adaptation to new working conditions. There may be other goals, depending on the specific needs and situation using the internal psychological resources of the doctor and patient, which are the basis of psychological support for the treatment process. The goal is to study the parameters of the psychological resources of the subjects of the treatment process, ways of professional development of employees, ensuring communication between generations, transferring cultural traditions, increasing team cohesion, and enhancing employee motivation. Methodology. Individual, tutoring, as well as group forms of training (seminars, round tables, trainings). Results. Our studies have shown that the full adaptation (both social and professional) of a new employee in a team is possible only in the mentoring system. It also involves enhancing personal qualities and skills. In addition, mentoring should also promote the development of the teacher himself, because in essence it is a two-way process in which the mentor and the mentor exchange knowledge and improve it. Conclusions. The resource approach to mentoring allows us to consider the psychological resources of the subjects of a medical organization as internal grounds for full adaptation (both social and professional), which have a general and specific focus.

Adaptation and integration of labour migrants from the EAEU in Russia on the example of migrants from Kyrgyzstan

The study of labour migrants from Kyrgyzstan, conducted by the author in Russia in 2017–2018, showed the limited character of integration of migrants from the EAEU. Only about a third of respondents do not want to obtain Russian citizenship, however, those who wish to acquire citizenship are mainly impelled not by the desire to settle in Russia, but by the convenience of staying and working in the country. The emergence of “glass walls”, built by Russians and migrants, and preventing migrants from full adaptation and subsequent integration into Russian society, gradually becomes the norm of life of the Russian society. The current insufficient conditions for integration and adaptation make it necessary and rational to revise Russia’s migration policy in relation of migrant workers from the EAEU in terms of elaboration, implementation and targeted funding of integrated adaptation and integration programs.

Efficient sampling and noisy decisions

The precision of human decisions is limited by both processing noise and basing decisions on finite information. But what determines the degree of such imprecision? Here we develop an efficient coding framework for higher-level cognitive processes, in which information is represented by a finite number of discrete samples. We characterize the sampling process that maximizes perceptual accuracy or fitness under the often-adopted assumption that full adaptation to an environmental distribution is possible, and show how the optimal process differs when detailed information about the current contextual distribution is costly. We tested this theory on a numerosity discrimination task, and found that humans efficiently adapt to contextual distributions, but in the way predicted by the model in which people must economize on environmental information. Thus, understanding decision behavior requires that we account for biological restrictions on information coding, challenging the often-adopted assumption of precise prior knowledge in higher-level decision systems.

The constitution as a (non) fundamental law for the authorities and society (on the specifics of Ukraine's newest constitutional process)

Despite the fact that the Ukrainian state since of June 28, 1996 has been living by its own Constitution, there is still a scientific discussion about optimal model of the Basic Law of Ukraine. In particular, one of the key problems is that specialists, scholars and constitutionalists are not involved in the process of discussing amendments to the Constitution and the creation of laws that would comply with the Constitution of Ukraine. It should also be noted that the Basic Law was usually changed not in the process of legislative evolution, but after the election of a new president. That can be attributed to the fact that the legal society has not formed from the very beginning due to respect for the Constitution and the need for full adaptation of legislation to it. Thus, to date, there are no constitutional laws, which are directly referred to in the Basic Law of the country. So far, there are no laws, "On the All-Ukrainian Referendum", "On the Local Referendum", "On the Imperative Mandate", "On the Procedure for Forming and Repaying Public Debt" and laws regulating the activities of the parliamentary coalition and opposition. The approval at the level of the Constitution also requires the Great State Emblem of Ukraine. It is also necessary to amend the Constitution, which will clearly regulate the procedure for entry into force of decisions adopted in all-Ukrainian and local referendums. The article states that in the process of Constitutional reform the Basic Law needs certain terminological clarifications, such as "indigenous peoples". The purpose of the article is to determinate at least three directions of the modern constitutional debate – conservative, evolutionary and revolutionary ways. It is proved that the revolutionary initiatives of the authorities in the matter of radical change of the Con\stitution have no professional justification and social legitimacy. Conservative and evolutionary approaches have been proposed and taken as their basis, which presupose, on the one hand, the importance of promoting respect for the Constitution and the need for its implementation, and, on the other, a professional and socially sensitive approach to amendments to the Constitution.