How Do Housing Prices Affect Residents' Health? New Evidence From China

This paper aims to explore the effect and mechanism of rising housing prices on residents' physical and mental health. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2014 to 2018, we investigate the impact and mechanism of rising housing prices on the mental and physical health of urban residents through multiple grouping regression and analysis of variance. The study finds that overall, rising housing prices have a positive effect on residents' mental health but a negative effect on physical health, and those who do not own a house show the greatest adverse effect. The impact of rising housing prices on health is mainly reflected in three aspects: the wealth effect, cost effect, and comprehensive environmental expectation effect. Of these, the wealth effect and comprehensive environmental expectation effect play a role in promoting residents' health, whereas the cost effect has a strong inhibitory effect. This paper also analyzes how house prices impact health and finds that having health insurance reduces residents' active health behavior, thus affecting their physical and mental health levels, which has a positive effect on uninsured residents.

Future Direction of Korean Defense Policy

The article is organized as follows. The first clarifies research questions, the purpose of study and methodology about Ori’s national defense policy analysis. Japanese invasion of Korea happened in 1952(壬辰倭亂) & 1597(丁酉再亂). The second deals with methods of study, literature review, previous research and theoretical background of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The third presents cases of national defense policy implementation of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The forth shows the effect storytelling of Ori’s national defense policy analysis. The core of Ori’s national defense policy are the people & nation, and imperturbable mind. The last concluded research effect & limitations for fostering Ori’s national defense policy analysis and that there are few alternativesof national defense policy, imperturbable Mind(不動心), Ori storytelling and some suggestion & expectation effect, so forth.

A decade of teacher expectations research 2008–2018: Historical foundations, new developments, and future pathways

This literature review critically synthesizes 10 years of international teacher expectations research using a simplified “expectation effect process” model. New developments in teacher expectation research are outlined, including effects of teacher expectations on students, teachers’ development of expectations, teachers’ differential treatment of students, and students’ reactions to teacher expectations. A brief overview of pre-2008 research presents the foundations of the post-2008 research using the same “expectation effect process” model. A separate section about Australian research is also included. Results of the literature review show that while qualitative research on the topic has increased from 2008 to 2018, quantitative studies still prevail and qualitative studies on the topic—particularly those which consider students’ perspectives—are rare. Hence, this article argues that the development of a more holistic, in-depth understanding of how teacher expectations affect student outcomes is possible through contextually embedded qualitative research that includes exploration of students’ reactions to teacher expectations. In this way, further understandings about how and why expectation effects vary between students could be gained.