The Influence of Temperature and Host Gender on Bacterial Communities in the Asian Citrus Psyllid

The Asian citrus psyllid, D. citri Kuwayama is the primary vector for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which causes a destructive disease in citrus plants. Bacterial symbionts are important determinants of insect physiology, and they can be impacted by many external factors. Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting insect physiology, and it is also known that differences in symbiont proportions may vary in different insect genders. To date, it is unclear how the symbionts of D. citri are affected by temperature and gender. This study used high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons to determine how temperature and gender affect the bacterial communities present in D. citri. We identified 27 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 10 orders, seven classes, and five phyla. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria (99.93%). Other phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Deinococcota, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteriota, were less abundant (<0.1%). Profftella (71.77–81.59%) and Wolbachia (18.39–28.22%) were the predominant taxa in all samples. Under high-temperature treatment, Profftella was more common in females, while Wolbachia had a higher abundance in males. In males, Profftella was more abundant under low-temperature treatments than under high-temperature treatments. In contrast, Wolbachia showed a higher abundance under high-temperature treatments than under low-temperature treatments. An RT-qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) approach confirmed the results obtained with high-throughput DNA sequencing. Our results provide a basis for understanding the co-adaptation of D. citri and its symbionts to environmental temperature stress.

Effects of low-temperature treatments on surface hardness, retained austenite content, residual stress condition and the resulting tooth root bending strength of case-hardened 18CrNiMo7-6 gears

This paper contains parts of the research project FVA 612 and investigates the correlation between low-temperature treatments of case-hardened gears made from the material 18CrNiMo7-6 and the resulting surface hardness, retained austenite content, and residual stress condition. These parameters were further investigated with regard to the tooth root bending strength obtained with pulsating test rigs. The tested gears were subjected to various low-temperature treatments including different temperature levels before or after tempering. Other investigated parameters were the application of a shot blasting treatment and the effect of low-temperature treatments on gears with increased retained austenite content after the carburizing process.

Burning Characteristics and the Fuel Properties of the Dry-Carbonization Chars of Sewage Sludge

As an alternative treatment to hydrothermal carbonization, sewage sludge (SS) was subjected to dry carbonization at temperatures of 200–700 °C to produce pyrochar. The fuel properties of the obtained chars were characterized, and their combustibility was checked by thermal analysis method. The combustibility of the chars was evaluated considering the criteria such as the ignition index (Ci), burnout index (Cb), comprehensive combustibility index (S), and the burning stability index (DW). Although even low temperature treatments such as 200 °C and 300 °C did not improve the calorific value, some improvements took place in the combustion characteristics upon treatment.

Ni cluster formation in low temperature annealed Ni50.6Ti49.4

Various low temperature treatments of Ni[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text] have shown an unexpected effect on the martensitic start temperature. Periodic diffuse intensity distributions in reciprocal space indicate the formation of short pure Ni strings along the [Formula: see text]111[Formula: see text] directions in the B2 ordered lattice, precursing the formation of Ni4Ti3 precipitates formed at higher annealing temperatures.