The Magnetic Mechanism for Hotspot Reversals in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres

Magnetically driven hotspot variations (which are tied to atmospheric wind variations) in hot Jupiters are studied using nonlinear numerical simulations of a shallow-water magnetohydrodynamic (SWMHD) system and a linear analysis of equatorial SWMHD waves. In hydrodynamic models, mid-to-high-latitude geostrophic circulations are known to cause a net west-to-east equatorial thermal energy transfer, which drives hotspot offsets eastward. We find that a strong toroidal magnetic field can obstruct these energy transporting circulations. This results in winds aligning with the magnetic field and generates westward Lorentz force accelerations in hotspot regions, ultimately causing westward hotspot offsets. In the subsequent linear analysis we find that this reversal mechanism has an equatorial wave analogy in terms of the planetary-scale equatorial magneto-Rossby waves. We compare our findings to three-dimensional MHD simulations, both quantitatively and qualitatively, identifying the link between the mechanics of magnetically driven hotspot and wind reversals. We use the developed theory to identify physically motivated reversal criteria, which can be used to place constraints on the magnetic fields of ultra-hot Jupiters with observed westward hotspots.

Plasma shielding removes prior magnetization record from impacted rocks near Santa Fe, New Mexico

The shock exposure of the Santa Fe’s impact structure in New Mexico is evidenced by large human-size shatter cones. We discovered a new magnetic mechanism that allows a magnetic detection of plasma’s presence during the impact processes. Rock fragments from the impactites were once magnetized by a geomagnetic field. Our novel approach, based on Neel’s theory, revealed more than an order of magnitude lower magnetizations in the rocks that were exposed to the shockwave. Here we present a support for a newly proposed mechanism where the shock wave appearance can generate magnetic shielding that allow keeping the magnetic grains in a superparamagnetic-like state shortly after the shock’s exposure, and leaves the individual magnetized grains in random orientations, significantly lowering the overall magnetic intensity. Our data not only clarify how an impact process allows for a reduction of magnetic paleointensity but also inspire a new direction of effort to study impact sites, using paleointensity reduction as a new impact proxy.

(4n +2)π Huckel’s rule of Bn NnC(8-2n) H8 as anti-cancer heterocyclic systems

Replacing of Boron and nitrogen atoms in [8] annulene molecule help us for explaining the details of mentioned magnetic mechanism concerning the ring currents of the carbon disappearing in the isoelectronic azabora-hetero-cycles variants (Bn Nn C(8-2n) H82-,n=0,1,2,3 and4 The (4n+2)π systems aromatic on variants of BnNnC(8-2n) H8 (n=0, 1 ,2,3 and 4) via the localized orbital by considering the current density induced have been studied. It has been predicted a four-electron dia-tropic (aromatic) ring current for (4n+2) π aza-bora-hetero-cycles variants of BnNnC (8-2n) H8(n=0,1 ,2,4) and a two-electron para-tropic (anti-aromatic) current for (4n) π. HOMO and LUMO energies and also HOMO/LUMO overlapping in whole space have been calculated. Two forms can be considered, first the HOMO–LUMO transition leads to a para-tropic contribution, and second HOMO–LUMO+1 transitions to the dia-tropic contributions. In addition, the NICS and SNICS values confirm the amounts of aromaticity and anti-aromaticity in those rings.

An analysis of the magnetic behavior of olivine and garnet substitutional solid solutions

The low-temperature magnetic properties and Néel temperature, TN, behavior of four silicate substitutional solid solutions containing paramagnetic ions are analyzed. The four systems are: fayaliteforsterite olivine [Fe22+SiO4-Mg2SiO4], and the garnet series, grossular-andradite [Ca3(Alx,Fe1−x3+)2Si3O12], grossular-spessartine [(Cax,Mn1−x2+)3Al2Si3O12], and almandine-spessartine [(Fex2+,Mn1−x2+)3Al2Si3O12]. Local magnetic behavior of the transition-metal-bearing end-members is taken from published neutron diffraction results and computational studies. TN values are from calorimetric heat capacity, CP, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. These end-members, along with more transition-metal-rich solid solutions, show a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition. It is marked by a CP λ-anomaly that decreases in temperature and magnitude with increasing substitution of the diamagnetic component. For olivines, TN varies between 65 and 18 K and TN for the various garnets is less than 12 K. Local magnetic behavior can involve one or more superexchange interactions mediated through oxygen atoms. TN behavior shows a quasi-plateau-like effect for the systems fayalite-forsterite, grossular-andradite, and grossular-spessartine. More transition-metal-rich crystals show a stronger TN dependence compared to transition-metal-poor ones. The latter may possibly show superparamagnetic behavior. (Fex2+,Mn1−x2+)3Al2Si3O12 garnets show fundamentally different magnetic behavior. End-member almandine and spessartine have different and complex interacting local superexchange mechanisms and intermediate compositions show a double-exchange magnetic mechanism. For the latter, TN values show negative deviations from linear interpolated TN values between the end-members. Double exchange seldom occurs in oxides, and this may be the first documentation of this magnetic mechanism in a silicate. TN behavior may possibly be used to better understand the nature of macroscopic thermodynamic functions, CP and S°, of both end-member and substitutional solid-solution phases.