THE GENERATIVE MECHANISM OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ OCCUPATIONAL EXPECTATIONS IN THE BALTIC COUNTRIES: INFLUENCE OF FAMILY, SCHOOL, AND INDIVIDUAL SCIENCE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT

Gender, learning achievements, parents’ occupational status, social-economic backgrounds, and a few traits of schools affect students’ occupational expectations. However, no research had integrated the above factors to investigate the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations. After combining student-level and school-level PISA 2018 datasets, two-level latent covariate modeling was used to find the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations in the Baltic countries. The mechanism had its primary concern to understand roles parents’ occupational status and individual science learning achievement played on students’ occupational expectations. The results indicate that the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia are the power model, the maternal model, and the science learning achievement pattern, respectively. It suggests one parent having high occupational status is to mold children’s high-skilled occupational expectations, and it would be better the mother is the higher occupational status parent. It highlights the importance of strengthening adult education, especially that aimed at families with both parents of low occupational status. It disapproves of a mother being a full-time housewife. It may impede her children from having ambitions for high-skilled jobs. Keywords: occupational expectation, PISA 2018 datasets, science learning achievement, two-level latent covariate model

Techniques in clinical examination and treatment planning of maxillofacial prosthesis patients – A systematic review

Maxillofacial prosthesis (MFP) can be defined as the art and science of esthetic and functional reconstruction of the Maxillofacial bones, art because it uses customized and specific rules for each individual, science because of its application on patient’s personality and its relation in medicine. An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), and ScienceDirect databases between March 2000 and July 2020. A manual search was also performed to cover all possible aspects of the maxillofacial prosthesis and the related topics that were chosen. Treatment planning with the latest techniques such as using latest imaging technique and 3D planning can guarantee a future with repeatable high-quality maxillofacial prosthetics.

Commodification of the living: regulatory problems of commercialization of biomaterials in the process of development of genomics

This article explores the normative problems of commodification of biomaterials in the process of development of genomics and genome medicine. It is demonstrated that in the era of advanced biocapitalism, when the relations between capital, knowledge and life become of particular importance, biomaterials undergo an economic turnover, are viewed as the objects of property and patent law, becoming the source of gaining profit. This results in the conflicts associated with the protection of rights of the individual, whose body is the source of biomaterials. In the context of consideration of the practices of commodification of biomaterials, the author reviews different modes of relations between the individual, science and society, with the characteristic to each of them articulation of the priority of personal or public good. The article provides the ethical analysis of incidents caused by the development of genetic technologies within the framework of the mode of confrontation between the individual and science, altruistic and compensatory modes, and mode of protection of civil rights. The conclusion is made that the developing processes of commodification require finding balance between the rights of the state and the interests of individuals, public good and personal values. The right to control own biomaterials and genetic information, voluntary and free transfer of biological materials, observance of biosafety and medical confidentiality – all these problems of the development of genomics require constant ethical monitoring in each specific case of using biomaterials.

Ethical and legal problems of commodification of biomaterials in the development of genomics and genomic medicine

В статье рассмотрен ряд этико-правовых проблем коммодификации биоматериалов в процессе развития геномики и геномной медицины. Показано, что биоматериалы в современном мире рассматриваются как объекты имущественного и патентного права и становятся источником получения прибыли. Зачастую это приводит к появлению казусов, связанных с защитой прав индивида, являющегося источником происхождения биоматериалов. Выдвинут тезис о том, что ситуация, связанная с оборотом биоматериалов, отражается в различных модусах отношений между индивидом, наукой и обществом, с характерной для каждого из них артикуляцией приоритета личного или общественного блага. The article considers a number of ethical and legal problems of commodification of biomaterials in the development of genomics and genomic medicine. It is shown that biomaterials in the modern world are considered as objects of property and patent law and become a source of profit. Often this leads to the appearance of incidents related to the protection of the rights of the individual, which is the source of origin of biomaterials. The thesis is put forward that the situation associated with the circulation of biomaterials is reflected in various modes of relations between the individual, science and society, with the articulation of the priority of a personal or public good characteristic of each of them.

Emotional policies: Introducing branding as a tool for science diplomacy

This article seeks to expand the science diplomacy (SD) discourse by introducing the concept of branding, focusing on its use as a tool for nation state decision makers. Although the current literature on SD has explored the relation between science and diplomacy, the question of how individual science projects can effectively aid SD has been left largely unanswered. Drawing on the SD as well as on the place and policy branding literature, a framework for the analysis and conceptualization of branding as a tool for SD and for Public Diplomacy in general is developed. This framework introduces three distinct branding styles: nation branding, policy branding and policy tool branding. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated by the comparison of two cases of branding by nation state policy makers: branding in the field of German transnational education and in the science and knowledge-based Dutch Water Diplomacy. The German case study shows that branding activities relating to ‘German’ SD are fragmented and focus mostly on individual projects, while the use of transnational education as an instrument to advance policy branding or nation branding remains largely underdeveloped. Such a lopsided branding process undermines the effectiveness of branding as an effective SD tool. In contrast, the potential of coordinated branding strategies as a foreign policy tool becomes apparent in the ‘Dutch Delta Approach’. In this centralised and coordinated branding process, activities on all three proposed branding layers were implemented, effectively employing branding to increase the visibility of the Dutch nation state, increase the attraction of its high-tech water management sector as well as to rejuvenate the Netherland’s bi-lateral relations with selected partner countries. Branding, as we argue, should be added to the analysis of contemporary science diplomacy as well as of broader foreign policies, adding to the understanding of SD as an instrument of cross-border communication and global opinion shaping. The paper ends with a discussion of potential limitations of branding, in order to illustrate that branding can be an effective instrument but should not be seen as an international relations panacea.

Exoplanet Strategy Promotes Big Missions, Individual Science

Collaborative and interdisciplinary research will be key to realizing the missions’ full potential, according to the exoplanet strategy report.

Towards Science with LSST: Data Products and Communications

The main purpose for holding a Workshop about the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) was to move all participants further towards answering the question, “How will I do my science with LSST data?” Presentations included (i) the planned pipelines and products of the data management team, and (ii) the existing channels for communication within the science community and between the community and the LSST Data Management team. In between the formal presentations, small groups discussed matters such as how to select the data products or communications resources that were best suited to individual science goals. The latter discussions were designed both to facilitate engagement with the material and to foster collaboration. Participants should thus have become better equipped to continue on their respective individual paths towards science with LSST.

The science is in the data

Understanding published research results should be through one's own eyes and include the opportunity to work with raw diffraction data to check the various decisions made in the analyses by the original authors. Today, preserving raw diffraction data is technically and organizationally viable at a growing number of data archives, both centralized and distributed, which are empowered to register data sets and obtain a preservation descriptor, typically a `digital object identifier'. This introduces an important role of preserving raw data, namely understanding where we fail in or could improve our analyses. Individual science area case studies in crystallography are provided.

My Daughter the Scientist? Mothers’ Perceptions of the Shift in Their Daughter’s Personal Science Identities

<p>This study reports on the perspective of mothers whose daughters underwent an extensive inquiry-focused interactive one-week science camp, which involved female middle school students and university scientists. This study focused on nine mother’s perceptions of the impact the camp had on their daughter’s science identities. Following the camp, parents were interviewed and reported that, among other things, their daughters had shifted to a much keener appreciation for science as a discipline, had a greater awareness of who scientists are, where their work, and what they do, as well as a broadened and more focused interest in science careers. Key to this paper is the profound ripple effect that these experiences with scientists had on the girls’ science identities once returning to a school setting. Based on data collected, these experiences with scientists prompted students to participate more in school science and express more interest in science for as much as a year following the camp. The reflections shared by parents following their daughters’ camp participation provide important insight for parents, teachers and informal educators in terms of how girls internalize these experiences in a way that effects their own perceptions of scientists and becomes incorporated into their individual science identities.</p>

Insulation - Technical Analysis of Ground Connections and its Impact on the Solution of Substructure Design Details

Most industrial hall type buildings are large. The accurate design of the substructures construction is influenced by many entry parameters from the standpoint of structural analysis, building thermal technology, building hydro-insulation technology and anti-radon measures. By respecting these specific requirements of individual science disciplines, the symbiosis expressing the optimal solution in the theory of structural production of buildings are presented.