CALCULATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE OF THE AIR HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL-TET-BUTYL ETHER DEPENDING ON THE ANGLE OF INSTALLATION OF THE FAN BLADES

Calculations have been made of the required heat transfer surface along the ribbing at different angles of installation of the fan blades of a horizontal air heat exchanger used at the stage of cooling the butadiene fraction in the production of methyl tert-butyl ether. It was found that for the effective operation of the hydrocarbon fraction preparation unit in the summer period, it is necessary to replace the existing apparatus with a new one with different design characteristics.

Utilization of Emissions from Reactors of a Delayed Coking Installation

The features of utilization of low-pressure gas emissions from reactors of a delayed coking installation are considered. A technical solution has been proposed for the compression and purification of low-pressure hydrocarbon gases from hydrogen sulfide by using a liquid-ring compressor with an amine solution mixed with a hydrocarbon fraction taken in a certain ratio as a working liquid. Gasolines, kerosene, diesel fuels and any other hydrocarbon mixtures with low viscosity can be used as the hydrocarbon fraction. Preferably use gaseous gasoline obtained during the compression of gas or distillate in the main distillation column. Test results and computational studies confirm the advantages of using a binary working fluid compared to using the components separately.

Utilization of Emissions from Reactors of a Delayed Coking Installation

The features of utilization of low-pressure gas emissions from reactors of a delayed coking installation are considered. A technical solution has been proposed for the compression and purification of low-pressure hydrocarbon gases from hydrogen sulfide by using a liquid-ring compressor with an amine solution mixed with a hydrocarbon fraction taken in a certain ratio as a working liquid. Gasolines, kerosene, diesel fuels and any other hydrocarbon mixtures with low viscosity can be used as the hydrocarbon fraction. Preferably use gaseous gasoline obtained during the compression of gas or distillate in the main distillation column. Test results and computational studies confirm the advantages of using a binary working fluid compared to using the components separately.

Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine

<p>Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N₂ gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (&lt; C₇) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C₈- C₁₂) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (&gt; C₁₂) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types.</p><p> </p>Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel

Cycle performance evaluation of various R134a/hydrocarbon blend refrigerants applied in vapor-compression heat pumps

Blend refrigerants combing hydrofluorocarbons and hydrocarbons are good substitutes to decrease the flammability of hydrocarbons while reducing the global warming potential of hydrofluorocarbons. Four hydrofluorocarbon/hydrocarbon blends (R134a/R290, R134a/R600, R134a/R600a, and R134a/R1270) with various compositions are investigated in vapor-compression heat pump cycles. The effects of hydrocarbon fraction on the blend properties, including critical temperature, critical pressure, latent heat, saturated liquid line, and azeotropic behavior, are comparatively analyzed. Thermodynamic models are established for heat pump simulation. For each R134a/hydrocarbon blend, both the cooling and heating coefficient of performances generally first decrease and then increase with the hydrocarbon mass fraction. The coefficient of performances of R134a/R600 and R134a/R600a have dramatic changes within the hydrocarbon mass fraction of 0.2–1.0, while those of R134a/R290 and R134a/R1270 have dramatic changes within the fraction of 0.0–0.4. Lower condensing or higher evaporating temperatures lead to higher coefficient of performances. In addition, the volumetric capacities first increase and then decrease with the increase of hydrocarbon fraction. R134a/R290 and R134a/R1270 show much higher volumetric capacities as compared to R134a/R600 and R134a/R600a under higher hydrocarbon fractions, which can greatly reduce the required compressor size of pure R134a. The discharge temperatures are kept in the range of 43.0°C–72.3°C for all the blends. To obtain low global warming potential R134a/hydrocarbon blends, the hydrocarbon fraction need to be greater than 0.9, at which R134a/R1270 performs the best, with cooling/heating coefficient of performances of 5.25/4.70 and cooling/heating volumetric capacities of 4.78/3.53 MJ/m3. Generally, R134a/R290 and R134a/R1270 perform much better than R134a/R600 and R134a/R600a at the low global warming potential composition. This study can contribute to the determination of hydrofluorocarbon/hydrocarbon compositions based on comprehensive considerations of cycle efficiency, volumetric capacity, and low global warming potential target.