scholarly journals Egzekucja komornika sądowego w świecie wirtualnym

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-265
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
National Council ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Enforcement Authority ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Over Time

The bailiff is an enforcement authority closely related to the court at which he acts. Numerous amendments to the acts also have an impact on the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter: the Code of Civil Procedure). Large-scale enforcement has already changed before the global COVID-19 pandemic. The changes referred to in this article will concern the introduction of the bailiff to the virtual world in order to determine the debtor’s property and by enabling bailiff auctions via the internet. When access to the Internet became common in Poland, the bailiffs themselves counted on tearing them away from the already outdated regulations and introducing them into the 21st century. One of the first initiatives was the introduction of an auction portal by the National Council of Bailiffs. On this portal, bailiffs posted information from the auctions appointed, their announcements along with the basic description of the subject of the auction, conditions of the auction, payment of the bid security and the place and time of the auction. Thanks to the easy and fast-acting website, everyone who had access to the Internet no longer had to travel all over the country to find out what would be auctioned. Unfortunately, the regulations of that time did not allow electronic auctions. This article will present and describe the bailiff ’s entry into the virtual world not only in terms of auctions, but also the technical possibilities they have received over time and threats, but also paying attention to legal and technical shortcomings that prevent effective execution of cryptocurrencies and its threats.

scholarly journals A general description of threats to european security at the threshold of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
O.B. Smalii
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Description ◽  
European Security ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Security Organizations ◽  
Over Time

Over time, the issue of security has not lost its relevance, but on the contrary gained momentum because of the large-scale threats that have arisen and evolve. In today's world, there are threats that are beyond the control of a particular country and, for the sake of security, begin to pool their forces and resources. The author reveals the particularities of threats to European collective security in the 21st century. The article identifies threats based on doctrinal approaches. The threat is a set of factors and conditions that could potentially pose a danger to the state in the future. The author examines approaches to the classification of threats to collective security and their characteristics, as well as the author's classification of threats according to their relevance and time of occurrence. According to scientific approaches, the threats to European collective security are divided into: economic, military, information, environmental and other nature; direct and indirect; potential and immediate; external and internal. The author proposed his own classification of threats, according to which they are divided into: new threats, again relevant and classic. The author shows the threats influence on the formation of the European collective security system and how they affect its current changes. It is noted that contemporary external threats were emerging at the turn of the late 1980s – early 1990s, and some of them continue to be shaped and strengthened today. Given the current challenges that pose a threat to collective security, a number of specific actions need to be taken to improve the performance of collective security organizations in order to more effectively address contemporary threats. The author proposes ways to improve the activity of modern collective security systems in order to avoid the emergence and development of large-scale threats to collective security in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Znaczenie Internetu dla zarządzania reputacją naukowca

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Anna Pawiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Image Creation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Reputation Building

The article aims at drawing attention to opportunities of reputation management by researchers using new media, considering the importance of internet tools for image creation and identifying opportunities and threats. The research problem of the article focuses on answers to the question formulated as follows: What might the possible importance of the Internet for reputation building be? The problem relates to the issue of researchers’ active participation in creating and shaping their reputation online. The presented considerations have been based on literature and studies on the subject. The article attempts to clarify the distinction between the concepts of identity, image, and reputation. It discusses image-creating factors and refers to the question of immanent credibility and guise in research. The author describes examples of internet tools and points to their importance for reputation management, which concerns the sum of partial images accumulating over time. Communication plays an important role in building reputation. Owing to its availability, interactivity and variety of forms, as well as the speed of information transfer, the Internet has become an indispensable channel of communication. All researchers should recognise the fact in order to build their reputation thoughtfully. Their reputation involves a multitude of accumulated images formed as a result of interactions between factors associated with the subjects themselves, information the recipients obtain, and factors relating to the recipients. The conclusions of the study point to the necessity of reputation management by planned and deliberate actions taking advantage of internet tools. Thus, every effort should be made to prevent a situation where reputation is shaped irrespective of the interested person’s participation.

Relacja między przepisami Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego w kwestii egzekucji z wynagrodzenia za pracę a przepisami prawa pracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Sławomir Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Enforcement Authority

In the event of carrying out the execution of remuneration for work, specific obligations imposed on the debtor’s employer. Because he is obliged to make appropriate deductions from the employee’s salary and transfer the amounts withheld enforcement authority, where his role is to determine the correct amount, which is to serve the satisfaction of creditor. At the same time the employer may be liable for irregularities in this area – both the creditor – if it turns out that due to the action of the employer was unsatisfied creditor, as well as the terms of an employee ‒ if it wrongfully depleted. Therefore, of particular importance to establish a remuneration components, which may be the subject of deductions, as well as the use of proper methods of deduction. Important, therefore, it seems to indicate the correct relationship between the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure on enforcement of wage and labor laws.

scholarly journals Concept of Designing Online Manuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Gela Gvinepadze ◽  
◽  
Tornike Shavishvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Online Leadership ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

In recent years, no field of human activity has advanced as rapidly as in the field of computer technology. Here, the most impressive advances have been made in the creation of the Internet and, as a consequence, web technologies. The article deals with the formation of the concept of online leadership both in general terms and taking into account the specifics of the educational environment of Georgia. Based on our interests, it is proposed to provide training materials to users simultaneously in several, at least two languages. The concept of the formation of such guides proposed in the article is considered on the example of teaching the Javascript language of one of the subject on web technologies. In particular, the article deals with the development of structuring rules and the name of files containing training materials that would make it easy to make the changes required over time.

scholarly journals Cyber space – risks to children and young people - research results

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Kopczewski ◽  
Agnieszka Napieralska
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Free Time ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Almost All

The 21st century is undoubtedly a period of enormous progress in the field of digital technology, a period in which the boundary between the real world and the virtual world becomes less and less visible. The Internet has undeniably become a facilitation of everyday life, since it is a tool of work, communication or a way to spend free time for many users. The virtual world is present in almost all areas of our lives, and people spend more and more time in front of the computer screens, operating websites, e-mails or social networks. Highly developed digital technology is a boon of the 21st century, but despite its numerous advantages, negative aspects are also visible. Virtual knowledge displaces physical interpersonal contacts; physical activity is replaced by spending free time in front of a computer monitor. Various threats (social, psychological, psychological, ethical and moral) resulting from modern digital technologies and the increasing degree of dependence on them are extremely significant. The authors of this article present the results of own research, aiming at making the reader aware that there are both positive and negative aspects of the virtual world.

scholarly journals Meeting in the Ether: A brief history of virtual worlds as a medium for user-created events

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Damer
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Business ◽  
Active Worlds

Virtual worlds, shared graphical spaces on the Internet, are an exciting new medium of human presence for the 21st Century. This article explores the origins, evolution and future of the virtual world medium from their humble beginnings in multi-player games to their use in education, business, science and engineering. Our focus will be on the development of social virtual worlds including environments such as Habitat, Active Worlds and Second Life.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

Without the Power to Drink or Contract

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Warren Swain
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time

Intoxication as a ground to set aside a contract is not something that has proved to be easy for the law to regulate. This is perhaps not very surprising. Intoxication is a temporary condition of varying degrees of magnitude. Its presence does however raise questions of contractual autonomy and individual responsibility. Alcohol consumption is a common social activity and perceptions of intoxication and especially alcoholism have changed over time. Roman law is surprisingly quiet on the subject. In modern times the rules about intoxicated contracting in Scottish and English law is very similar. Rather more interestingly the law in these two jurisdictions has reached the current position in slightly different ways. This history can be traced through English Equity, the works of the Scottish Institutional writers, the rise of the Will Theory, and all leavened with a dose of judicial pragmatism.

The Internet Trap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hindman
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
Digital News ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

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