Optimal probes for global quantum thermometry

Quantum thermodynamics has emerged as a separate sub-discipline, revising the concepts and laws of thermodynamics, at the quantum scale. In particular, there has been a disruptive shift in the way thermometry, and thermometers are perceived and designed. Currently, we face two major challenges in quantum thermometry. First, all of the existing optimally precise temperature probes are local, meaning their operation is optimal only for a narrow range of temperatures. Second, aforesaid optimal local probes mandate complex energy spectrum with immense degeneracy, rendering them impractical. Here, we address these challenges by formalizing the notion of global thermometry leading to the development of optimal temperature sensors over a wide range of temperatures. We observe the emergence of different phases for such optimal probes as the temperature interval is increased. In addition, we show how the best approximation of optimal global probes can be realized in spin chains, implementable in ion traps and quantum dots.

BISUBSTANTIVE SENTENCES IN THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING TEXTS

Синтаксический уровень организации текстов печатной рекламы, функционирование в них определенных структурно-семантических типов предложений все еще является малоизученной областью рекламной коммуникации. Поэтому актуальность исследования бисубстантивных предложений, активизирующих свое присутствие в современных коммерческих рекламных текстах в результате стремления языка рекламы к субстантивности, экономии речевых средств, использования несложных линейных структур, не вызывает сомнений. Источниками исследования послужили российские и международные журналы 2017 - 2020 гг.: «Здоровье», «Золотой квадрат», «Идеи вашего дома», «Красота и Здоровье», «Cosmopolitan», «ELLE», «Tatler», «InStyle», «Yoga Journal» и др. В статье описываются разные типы бисубстантивных предложений: со значением генерализующей идентификации, со значением толкования, с таксономическим значением, с собственно характеризующим и локальным значениями. Автор приходит к выводу, что бисубстантивные предложения разной семантики выполняют ряд специфических функций в рекламных текстах: аттрактивную (привлечение внимания адресата к рекламируемому продукту), информативную (фиксация основных свойств продукта), аргументационно-гарантийную (приведение аргументов в пользу покупки), эмоционально-экспрессивную (создание благоприятного эмоционального фона), стимулирующую (стимулирование желания приобрести продукт), суггестивную (осуществление неаргументированного воздействия на реципиента, формирование психологических эффектов). At present the by-way of advertising communication is the syntactic level of organization of advertising texts, the functioning of certain structural-semantic types of sentences. Therefore, there is no doubt in the relevance of the research of bisubstantive sentences activating their presence in the modern commercial advertising texts as a result of the desire of the advertising language to substantiality, saving speech resources, and using simple line structures. The sources of the study were the international and Russian magazines of various directions published 2017 - 2020: “Health”, “Golden Square”, “Ideas for Your Home”, “Beauty and Health, “Cosmopolitan”, “ELLE”, “Tatler”, “InStyle”, “Yoga Journal” and others. The article describes different types of bisubstantive sentences with different meaning: with the meaning of generalizing identification, with the meaning of interpretation, with the taxonomic meaning, with the characteristic, with the local meaning. The author comes to the conclusion that bisubstantive sentences of different semantics perform several specific functions in the advertising texts: attractive (attracting the addressee’s attention of to the advertised product), informative (fixing the main properties of the product), argumentative and guarantee (mustering arguments for the purchase), emotionally-expressive (creating a favorable emotional background), stimulating (stimulating the desire to purchase a product), suggestive (realizing the unreasonable impact on the recipient, making the psychological effects).

Local meaning-making in discursive, embodied and affective registers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue and explore how local meaning-making processes of leaders also occur in embodied and affective registers. The paper aims to introduce the theoretical concept of affect to studies of local public leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports from an ethnographic study of local leaders managing educational institutions in Denmark. The paper takes a constructivist or interpretive approach where it is acknowledged that data is not just out-there ready to be collected and reported but is constructed and interpreted in particular manners as part of the complex encounter between researcher and field.FindingsThe paper zooms in one particular instance where a leader breaks down in tears and where the tears seem to evoke a particular affective atmosphere. Thus, the paper shows how, just below the elite narrative of a need for stronger, individual and more evidence-based management, we find a myriad of meaning-making processes that transgress distinctions between the corporeal, affective and discursive.Research limitations/implicationsAs an ethnography conducted in a local setting, the paper avoids broad generalisations. The findings reflect the theoretical ambition of discussing the role of embodiment and affect in local leadership as much as the studied setting.Practical implicationsThe study testify to how policy implementation can take many unexpected turns as local leaders interpret and make sense of policy ambitions in many different ways. Moreover, it testifies to how leaders are informed by embodied experiences and affective atmospheres in their sense-making processes.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first attempts in public leadership to discuss the role of embodiment and affect in local public leadership.

IN THIS ISSUE

This year will focus on celebrations and reflections on occasion of the 70th anniversary of the United Nations. At the same time, the Millennium Development Goals as well as the Sustainable Development Goals for thepost-2015 era remain central items on the agenda when global governance issues and international responsibilities are discussed.Notions, which by implication always also carry a local meaning and impact on domestic policy in as much as domestic policy (not only as foreign policy) also impacts on global governance issues. The divide often maintained is more than ever artificial and misleading in the face of the global challenges humanity faces — not only in terms of environmental degradation as a resultof climate change. Many issues do not have any territorial boundaries orare transcending those. The inter-linkages of the local and the global (for which the term'glocal' was minted a few years ago) are obvious not only when it comes tohumanitarian disasters and emergency situations appealing to globalsolidarity, such as the recent earthquake in Nepal and its devastating consequences. Other manifestations of solidarity in a global world include the almost world-wide 'Je Suis Charlie' response and outcry to the terrorist attack on the journal and the cold-blooded execution of its cartoonists in Paris. The gathering of world leaders there in defiance of the assault on civil liberties and freedoms of expression was a symbolic act of some magnitude and brought together even deeply antagonistic political players. But at the same time the lack of similar visible and determined symbolic acts of defiance by the world's political leaders and Western civil society agencies, suggesting an absence of a similar degree of moral outcry and global protest over the ongoing slaughters and abductions by Boko Haram in Nigeria or the massacre of students at the Garissa University College in Kenya seem to suggest that we still live in times of double standards and/or selective perceptions. Humanity as well as humanbeings remain divided and seem to live in different worlds. Likewise, the tragedies taking place visibly in broad daylight on the Mediterranean Sea, reaching a scale of human loss at days bordering to the numerical proportions of 9/11, have not been met with a similar rigorous political will topromote true values of humanity.

On an encounter of two men of mathematics in Lima

This evocative essay focuses on the encounter of two eminent Men of Mathematics: José Tola Pasquel, Peruvian, and Maurício Matos Peixoto, Brazilian, in November of 1961 in Lima. It glimpses into the local meaning and later mathematical consequences of such apparently random event. Here are discussed its implications for the participation of the author in the starting steps of the Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, earlier name for Dynamical Systems, as a research activity in Brazil.

Killer’s Fashion: Transforming the Potential of Nias Saber’s Amulets into Indonesian Fashion Accessories

The research was conducted to discover the potential of Nias saber’s amulets into fashion accessories and to introduce the tradition of Nias saber’s amulets into society. Nias war costume had its unique way of distinguishing each other and gaining a spiritual strength, which was to accessorize its war costume with small amulets. This tradition was a new inspiration for developing a fashion look with local identity. Exploring Indonesian culture in the form of fashion accessories was done in order to extract Indonesian potential in the fashion industry. Styling small ‘amulets’ into clothing could elevate one’s look while gaining a local meaning. The research applied a qualitative method with data collected through interviews, literature studies, and field research. The outcome of the research shows that Nias war costume’s amulet can be an inspiration for today’s fashion accessories that serve traditional meaning to the wearer.

Local Lives, Parallel Histories

The division of Germany separated a nation, divided communities, and inevitably shaped the life histories of those growing up in the socialist dictatorship of the East and the liberal democracy of the West. This peculiarly German experience of the Cold War has so far mostly been seen through the lens of the divided Berlin or other border communities. What has been much less explored, however, is what division meant to the millions of Germans in East and West who lived far away from the Wall and the centres of political power. This book is the first comparative study to examine how villagers in both Germanies dealt with the imposition of two very different systems in their everyday lives. Focusing on two villages, Neukirch (Lausitz) in Saxony and Ebersbach (Fils) in Baden-Württemberg, it explores how local residents experienced and navigated social change in their localities in the postwar era. Based on a wide range of archival sources as well as oral history interviews, the book argues that there are parallel histories of responses to social change among villagers in postwar Germany. Despite the different social, political, and economic developments, the residents of both localities desired rural modernization, lamented the loss of ‘community’, and became politically active to control the transformation of their localities. The book thereby offers a bottom-up history of the divided Germany which shows how individuals on both sides of the Wall gave local meaning to large-scale processes of change.

From Foreign Text to Local Meaning: The Politics of Religious Exclusion in Transnational Constitutional Borrowing

Constitutional drafters often look to foreign constitutional models, ideas, and texts for inspiration; many are explicit about their foreign borrowing. However, when implemented domestically, the meaning of borrowed elements often changes. Political scientists and scholars of comparative constitutional law have analyzed the transnational movement of constitutional ideas and norms, but the political processes through which the meaning of foreign provisions might be refashioned remain understudied. Sociolegal scholars have examined the “transplantation” and “translation” of laws and legal institutions, but they rarely scrutinize this process in the context of constitutions. Drawing on an examination of borrowed constitutional elements in four cases (Pakistan, Morocco, Egypt, Israel), this article builds on research in comparative politics, comparative constitutional law, and sociolegal studies to provide a nuanced picture of deliberate efforts to import “inclusive” constitutional provisions regarding religion-state relations while, at the same time, refashioning the meaning of those provisions in ways that “exclude” specific forms of religious, sectarian, doctrinal, or ideological diversity. Building on sociolegal studies regarding the translation of law, we argue that foreign constitutional elements embraced by politically embedded actors are often treated as “empty signifiers” with meanings that are deliberately transformed. Tracing the processes that lead political actors to engage foreign constitutional elements, even if they have no intention of transplanting their prior meaning, we highlight the need for detailed case studies to reveal both the international and the national dynamics that shape and reshape the meaning of constitutions today.

Theorization of the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school

We define the features of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school as an innovative model and technology for solving problems of personality development. The problems of theorization the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school are identified and systemically justified, the goal of theorization the possibilities of manag-ing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school is indicated. The concepts of “managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school”, “theorization the possibilities of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school” in the traditional (broad meaning, narrow meaning, local meaning) and innovative perspectives of scientific theorization (personalized meaning, unified meaning, synergistic meaning). The compo-nents of scientific and pedagogical research are theorized in refinement and detail of models of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school, functions of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educa-tional environment of the sports school, principles of managing the involvement quality of a per-son in the sports and educational environment of the sports school, technologies of managing the involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school. We define the pedagogical conditions for increasing involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school. Perspectives of theorization and realization of possibilities of involvement quality of a person in the sports and educational environment of the sports school are highlighted.