Toward a definition of digital object reuse

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present conceptual definitions for digital object use and reuse. Typically, assessment of digital repository content struggles to go beyond traditional usage metrics such as clicks, views or downloads. This is problematic for galleries, libraries, archives, museums and repositories (GLAMR) practitioners because use assessment does not tell a nuanced story of how users engage with digital content and objects. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews prior research and literature aimed at defining use and reuse of digital content in GLAMR contexts and builds off of this group’s previous research to devise a new model for defining use and reuse called the use-reuse matrix. Findings This paper presents the use-reuse matrix, which visually represents eight categories and numerous examples of use and reuse. Additionally, the paper explores the concept of “permeability” and its bearing on the matrix. It concludes with the next steps for future research and application in the development of the Digital Content Reuse Assessment Framework Toolkit (D-CRAFT). Practical implications The authors developed this model and definitions to inform D-CRAFT, an Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant project. This toolkit is being developed to help practitioners assess reuse at their own institutions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first to propose distinct definitions that describe and differentiate between digital object use and reuse in the context of assessing digital collections and data.

Revisiting the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state: An empirical investigation

Objective: To determine whether consistent command-following (CCF) should be added to the diagnostic criteria for emergence from the minimally conscious state (MCS) Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital Participants: Patients with severe acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness (DoC) admitted to a specialized rehabilitation program Main Outcome Measure: Difference between time to recovery of CCF and time to recovery of functional object use [FOU] or functional communication [FC] (the two existing criteria for emergence from MCS) as measured by the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised [CRS-R]). Results: Of 214 patients (median [interquartile range] age: 53 [34, 66] years, male: 134 (62.6%), traumatic etiology: 115 (53.7%), admission CRS-R total score: 10 [7, 13]) admitted to rehabilitation without CCF, FO, or FC, 162 (75.7%) recovered CCF and FOU or FC during the eight-week observation period. On average, recovery of CCF, FOU, and FC was observed within one day of one another, approximately 46 [38.25, 58] days post-injury. One hundred and sixteen patients (71.6%) recovered FOU or FC prior to or at the same time as CCF. Conclusions: In patients recovering from DoC, CCF reemerges around the same time as FOU and FC. This finding likely reflects the shared dependency of these behaviors on cognitive procecess (e.g., language comprehension, attention, motor control) that are essential for effective interpersonal interaction and social participation. Our results support the addition of CCF to the existing diagnostic criteria for emergence from MCS.

ANINet: a deep neural network for skull ancestry estimation

Background Ancestry estimation of skulls is under a wide range of applications in forensic science, anthropology, and facial reconstruction. This study aims to avoid defects in traditional skull ancestry estimation methods, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive manual calibration of feature points, and subjective results. Results This paper uses the skull depth image as input, based on AlexNet, introduces the Wide module and SE-block to improve the network, designs and proposes ANINet, and realizes the ancestry classification. Such a unified model architecture of ANINet overcomes the subjectivity of manually calibrating feature points, of which the accuracy and efficiency are improved. We use depth projection to obtain the local depth image and the global depth image of the skull, take the skull depth image as the object, use global, local, and local + global methods respectively to experiment on the 95 cases of Han skull and 110 cases of Uyghur skull data sets, and perform cross-validation. The experimental results show that the accuracies of the three methods for skull ancestry estimation reached 98.21%, 98.04% and 99.03%, respectively. Compared with the classic networks AlexNet, Vgg-16, GoogLenet, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, and SqueezeNet, the network proposed in this paper has the advantages of high accuracy and small parameters; compared with state-of-the-art methods, the method in this paper has a higher learning rate and better ability to estimate. Conclusions In summary, skull depth images have an excellent performance in estimation, and ANINet is an effective approach for skull ancestry estimation.

Clinical Randomized Controlled Study of Acupuncture Treatment on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to summarize the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through literature analysis and evaluation. All studies were retrieved from various databases as follows: English databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Web of Science, and Chinese databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data (WF), and Technology Periodical Database (VIP). The Cochrane Collaboration’s Bias Risk Assessment Scale was used to assess the studies’ risk of bias. The effects of acupuncture treatment for ASD were determined using the following indicators: childhood autism rating scale (CARS), autism behavior check list (ABC), Reynell developmental language scale (RDLS), and functional independence measure of children (WeeFIM). The risk map of bias of these studies’ quality and the meta-analysis results of the indicators was prepared with RevMan 5.2 software. Finally, 16 studies were included, five of which were in English and 11 were in Chinese. The 16 studies included 1332 patients. The CARS results for subgroup analysis were as follows: acupuncture subgroup (MD = −2.65, 95% CI (−3.22, −2.07)) and acupuncture plus massage subgroup (MD = −10.35, 95% CI (−11.34, −9.36)). The ABC results were as follows: (MD = −6.70, 95% CI (−9.10, −4.29)). The analysis results of sensory, relating, language, body and object use, and social/self-help in the subitems of ABC were as follows: sensory (MD = −2.67, 95% CI (−2.90, −2.44)), relating (MD = −3.28, 95% CI (−3.55, −3.02)), language (MD = −2.45, 95% CI (−2.73, −2.16)), body and object use (MD = −1.19, 95% CI (−1.38, −1.00)), and social/self-help (MD = −2.09, 95% CI (−2.30, −1.89)). For the analysis results of comprehension and expression ages in the subitems of RDLS, the comprehension age results were as follows: (MD = 0.08, 95% CI (−0.06, 0.22), P = 0.27). Those of expression age were as follows: (MD = 0.15, 95% CI (0.04, 0.26), P = 0.009 ). The WeeFIM results were as follows: (MD = 3.70, 95% CI (2.38, 5.02)). This study suggested that acupuncture could effectively treat ASD. However, acupuncture methods and prescriptions at this stage remain heterogeneous, and acupuncture treatment operations require standardization. Studies using rigorous and standard research designs are needed to draw stronger conclusions about the advantages of using acupuncture to treat children and adolescents with ASD.

Outils de percussion au Paléolithique supérieur ancien : l’exemple de sites aurignaciens et gravettiens en Vallée de la Vézère (Dordogne, France)

Among the raw materials used, quartz pebbles are widely used, irrespective of site and culture. Alongside this dominant material, a considerable diversity of materials was selected. This diversity may vary depending on the type of object/use, but also the site/culture

Humpback Whale Instigates Object Play with a Lion’s Mane Jellyfish

Cetaceans are well-known for their intelligence, charismatic nature, and curiosity. Many species, particularly odontocetes, are known to investigate and manipulate novel objects they encounter. Yet, disentangling the drivers of these behaviors and distinguishing between those that are simply playful and those which serve a specific function remains challenging due to a lack of direct observations and detailed descriptions of behaviors. This is particularly true for mysticetes such as humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), as records of object use are far less common than in odontocetes. Here, we present evidence of novel object use from a first of its kind encounter between an individual humpback whale and a large lion’s mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) in the coastal waters off New England. We detail the interaction and discuss possible drivers for the behavior, with a focus on cetacean innovation, ectoparasite removal, and wound healing.

Towards and away from the body: The relevance of the direction of use in the coding of object-related actions

This study examines whether the perception of an object automatically activates the representation of the direction of use of that object. To this aim, we carried out two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to explicitly categorise objects as used either away from the body (AB, for example, a hammer) or towards the body (TB, for example, a toothbrush). In Experiment 2, participants were asked to judge whether the same objects were natural or manmade. In both experiments, they were asked to respond by moving a joystick backwards (i.e., TB) or frontwards (i.e., AB). Therefore, their response could either be congruent (i.e., backward response with TB objects, frontward response with AB objects) or incongruent (i.e., backward response with AB objects, frontward response with TB objects) with the direction of object use. Results from Experiment 1 showed that in the congruent condition, participants were faster in judging the direction of object use than those in the incongruent condition (congruency effect). Crucially, results from Experiment 2 showed the presence of a congruency effect even when the direction of object use was task-irrelevant. However, this effect was found only for TB objects. These results suggest that the perception of TB objects automatically activates the direction of object use with respect to the body, thus showing evidence of direct connection between perception and action. A specific role of the body might account for different action representation processes involved in TB and AB object-related actions.

Development of Augmented Reality Application for Canang Education Using Marker-Based Tracking Method

The aim of this study is to develop an Augmented Reality application with marker-based tracking that use for Canang education. This application was developed with waterfall model. Data collection technique that I use in this study is surveys, interview and literature review. This application can pop up information about types of Canang, when you use that types, and an example picture of the Canang. This application use vuforia software development kit (SDK) for combine the reality object and virtual object use for smartphone with QR Code. The design for information and example picture of Canang is built in Adobe Illustrator and made to Augmented Reality in Unity. Method that use in this study is Marker Based Tracking which identifies marker patterns. This application applies multi-target marker-based Augmented Reality so that each type of Canang information is stored and ran on different markers. This application can be medium for education about Canang in general for Hindusm teen.